Questions and Answers
What is one of the benefits of reading literature according to Professor Tommy Koh?
What does the phrase 'Do unto others as you would have them do unto you' exemplify?
Which period in Philippine literature is characterized by a rich tradition of oral literature?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why literature is considered important?
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What is the definition of Philippine literature?
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Which statement describes a negative view presented in literature?
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What emotional benefit does literature provide according to the perspective shared?
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Which of the following statements reflects a misconception about literature?
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Which literary form is a narrative poem about the life of Jesus Christ often sung during the Lenten Season?
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Who were the primary figures in the Propaganda Movement that advocated for reform in the Philippine literature?
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What is the form of literature characterized by dramatization of the Passion of Christ and written in octosyllabic verse?
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Which form of literature uses shadows as its main spectacle?
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What is the primary theme of the Moro-moro in Philippine literature?
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What was one significant outcome of the Treaty of Paris in 1898?
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What is the form of literature known for dramatic reenactments of St. Helena's search for the Holy Cross?
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Which literary form is composed of dodecasyllabic quatrains and is typically a colorful tale of chivalry?
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What period in Philippine literature is characterized by noted authors like Manuel Arguilla and Bienvenido Santos?
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Which type of poem is characterized by 17 syllables divided into three lines?
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During which literary period did themes of Japanese brutalities and poverty predominantly emerge?
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Which literary movement was driven by the youth seeking reforms due to societal issues?
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What was a key characteristic of poems during the Third Republic period?
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Which literary form is similar to a Haiku but includes measure and rhyme?
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Which period involved government efforts to revive traditional plays like cenakulo and zarzuela?
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Who is known as a noted author during the Japanese period of Philippine Literature?
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Study Notes
Historical Periods in Philippine Literature
- Divided into two primary periods: Apprenticeship and Emergence before WWII and Japanese occupation.
- Notable works during Apprenticeship:
- "Dead Stars" by Paz Marquez Benitez.
- "The Small Key" by Paz Latorena.
- "Footnote to Youth" by Jose Garcia Villa.
- "Child of Sorrow" by Zoilo Galang.
- Emergence period included prominent writers like Manuel Arguilla, Arturo Rotor, N.V.M. Gonzales, and Bienvenido Santos.
Japanese Period (1941-1945)
- Three poetic forms arose:
- Haiku: 17 syllables, three lines, free verse favored by Japanese.
- Tanaga: Short poems with specified measures and rhymes.
- Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form): Traditional poems adapted during the period.
Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)
- Literature in Tagalog experienced revival post-WWII.
- Common themes focused on Japanese atrocities, poverty under Japanese rule, and guerrilla warfare exploits.
Period of Activism (1970-1972)
- Youth sought reforms due to societal issues.
- A voice for change was apparent through bloody demonstrations and literary expressions.
Period of the New Society (1972-1980)
- The government aimed to curtail pornography and immoral writings.
- Revival of traditional plays like cenakulo and zarzuela.
- Construction of cultural venues like CCP, Folk Arts Theater, and Metropolitan Theater.
Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985)
- Poetry leaned towards romantic and revolutionary themes.
- Songs highlighted everyday realities including grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, and love of faith and country.
Importance of Literature
- Literature fosters a deeper understanding of human nature and complexities.
- Encourages empathy and reduces judgment.
- Enables insight beyond that found in non-fiction.
Cultural Insights
- Highlighted moral teachings across diverse languages: Ilocano, Cebuano, and Ilonggo, emphasizing the Golden Rule: "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you."
Forms of Early Philippine Literature
- Predominantly oral forms during pre-colonial times.
- Types included:
- Pasyon: Narrative poem of Christ's life, sung during Lent.
- Cenakulo: Dramatization of Christ's Passion in octosyllabic verse.
- Awit: Chivalric tales in dodecasyllabic quatrains.
- Corrido: Stories of saints' lives.
- Moro-moro: Melodrama depicting Christian-Muslim conflicts.
- Carillo: Shadow plays.
- Tibag: Reenactment of St. Helena's quest for the Holy Cross.
- Duplo: Catholic mourning dramas.
- Zarzuela: Popular entertainment from Spanish Era.
The Propaganda Movement (1872-1898)
- Spearheaded by Jose Rizal and other intellectuals.
- Notable works included "Noli Me Tangere," "Mi Ultimo Adios," and various essays and poems advocating for Philippine nationalism.
American Colonial Rule (1898-1944)
- Result of the Spanish-American War formalized by the Treaty of Paris.
- Introduction of the Thomasites, early English teachers, leading to a flourishing of literature in Spanish, English, and Filipino.
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Description
Explore the evolution of Philippine literature during the Japanese occupation from 1941 to 1945. This quiz covers notable short story writers, significant works, and the emergence of poetic forms like Haiku. Test your knowledge on key authors and their contributions during this critical period in history.
