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What was one of the major characteristics of Philippine literature during the American period?
Which of the following was a new literary form introduced during the American period?
What medium was primarily used in Philippine literature after 1910?
Which newspaper was established to continue the fight for freedom after the defeat of Filipino forces?
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Which play, written by Severino Reyes, was staged during the American period?
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What theme did the Philippine Insurrection keep alive in literature?
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Which of the following was a pioneering newspaper to publish works in the English language?
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What was the impact of the Philippine-American War on literature?
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What was the significance of the arrival of the Americans in the Philippines during the Period of Re-orientation?
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Who were the first teachers of English in the Philippine public school system?
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Which of the following literary works was published by Justo Juliano?
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What was Apolinario Mabini's significant challenge after 1895?
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What role did Pio Valenzuela play in Katipunan?
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Which university was established by the American teachers in the Philippines?
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In what year did Justo Juliano publish his work 'Sursum Corda'?
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What is the main theme of Andres Bonifacio's poem 'Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas'?
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What is the primary source of authority according to the content?
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Which type of government is advocated for in the content?
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What obligation do individuals have towards their neighbors?
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How should one view their countryman according to the content?
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What is the supreme law emphasized in the content?
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What was the purpose of the True Decalogue?
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Which of the following statements is included in the True Decalogue?
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What does the True Decalogue emphasize about personal honor?
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Who translated the phrase 'Katipunan din naman' into 'Reason Yet Again'?
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What is the significance of the reference to 'God' in the True Decalogue?
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What does the True Decalogue suggest concerning the individual's role in society?
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According to the True Decalogue, what should be prioritized to ensure personal happiness?
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In which year was the speech relating to the establishment of the Katipunan delivered?
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Study Notes
Major Characteristics of Philippine Literature During the American Period
- English became the primary medium for literary expression.
- New literary forms such as the short story and novel emerged, influenced by American writers.
- Social realism depicted the harsh realities of Philippine society, addressing issues like poverty and corruption through writers like Jose Garcia Villa and Nick Joaquin.
- A strong sense of nationalism fueled literature, celebrating Philippine culture and traditions.
- The literature was shaped by historical contexts, including the Philippine-American War and World War II.
Literature Under American Colonization
- Initially, Spanish and Tagalog were common in literary works, evolving to English as a dominant language by 1910.
- Tagalog writers aimed to revitalize love for their native dialect amidst colonial suppression.
- English writers often mirrored themes from American literary traditions.
Newspapers During the American Period
- Newspapers played a crucial role in the fight for freedom post-Filipino defeat in the American conflict.
- El Nuevo Dia established by Sergio Osmena in 1900; faced bans and threats.
- El Grito del Pueblo was founded by Pascual Poblete in 1900.
- El Renacimiento, edited by Rafael Palma, was the first to publish works in English.
- The Philippines Free Press was the first privately owned English publication featuring Filipino writers.
Notable Plays of the American Period
- Kahapon, Ngayon, Bukas by Aurelio Tolentino.
- Tanikalang Ginto by Juan Abad.
- Malaya by Tomas Remigio.
- Walang Sugat by Severino Reyes.
Evolution of Philippine Literature in English
- The Philippine Insurrection inspired renewed nationalism and literary expression.
- A resurgence in writing emerged post-conflict when many writers returned to the pen.
Periods of Philippine Literature in English
- Period of Re-orientation (1898-1910): Captured early American rule and the Philippine-American War; introduced English in the public education system.
- First English teachers, known as Thomasites, played a pivotal role in education.
- The first use of English was in local higher education, including the establishment of the University of the Philippines and other institutions.
Pioneer Filipino English Writers
- Justo Juliano published “Sursum Corda,” the first literary work in English (1907).
- Juan F. Salazar produced “My Mother” and “Air Castles” in 1909.
- Proceso Sebastian authored “To My Lady in Laoag” also published in 1909.
Key Historical Figures
- Andres Bonifacio: Founded Katipunan in 1892; contributed to revolutionary theater and literary expression.
- Apolinario Mabini: Law graduate who became a key advisor to Emilio Aguinaldo; overcame physical challenges post-polio to support the independence movement.
- Pio Valenzuela: Physician and revolutionary leader; assisted in the publication of "Ang Kalayaan," the Katipunan's official paper.
Notable Works and Their Significance
- "Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas" by Andres Bonifacio reflects the revolutionary spirit.
- Important speeches and writings connected to the Katipunan advocated for independence from colonial rule.
- True Decalogue outlined principles promoting love for God, country, and the pursuit of a republican government while emphasizing national identity and independence.
Themes in True Decalogue
- Emphasizes love and honor as fundamental values.
- Advocates for the happiness and independence of the country over personal interests.
- Promotes the establishment of a republic over a monarchy and prioritizes community and national loyalty.
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Description
Explore the major characteristics of Philippine literature during the American period. This quiz covers the emergence of new literary forms, the impact of social realism, and the influence of nationalism in literary expression. Delve into how historical contexts shaped the language and themes prevalent in the literature of this era.
