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Questions and Answers
What was the primary language used in literary works during the American Colonization Period?
Who were the first teachers during the American Colonization Period in the Philippines?
Which literary form was most widespread during the American Colonization Period?
What was a common focus of the literary works during the American Colonization Period?
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During the Japanese Colonization, what theme was common in most poems?
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Who were the only Filipino writers able to write freely during Japanese colonization?
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What is the syllable count for each line in a haiku poem?
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Which Filipino poet is associated with the Tanaga style of poetry?
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During the Contemporary/Modernism Period, what themes were prominent in Filipino writings?
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Who wrote the poem 'How my Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife'?
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Which author's works include 'The Man Who Could Be Poe' and 'Death In a Factory'?
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In the Tanaga style of poetry, what is the rhyme scheme for each stanza?
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Study Notes
Forms of Poetry
- Haiku is a three-line poem with a 5-7-5 syllable count, emphasizing simplicity and directness of expression.
- Tanaga is a Filipino poetry style with four-line stanzas and a 7-7-7-7 syllable count, expressing insights and life lessons.
Philippine Literature Periods
Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)
- This period saw the emergence of notable writers, including Jose Ma. Hernandez and Francisco Soc Rodrigo.
Contemporary/Modernism Period (1972-1980)
- Most writings dealt with the country's development and progress, such as the green revolution and family planning.
- The new society aimed to stop writings with bad moral influences.
- School newspapers were temporarily stopped, along with school organizations.
- Themes of poems included patience, regard for native culture, and beauties of nature.
- Filipino poetry was romantic and revolutionary.
- Bilingual education was initialized.
Notable Writers and Their Works
- Manuel Arguilla – “How my Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife?”
- Aurelio Tolentino – “Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas”
- Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero – “Wanted: A Chaperon”
- Jose Garcia Villa – “First, Poem must be magical” and “Footnote to youth”
- Alejandro Roces – “Poems 55” and “My Brothers Peculiar Chicken”
- Edith Tiempo – “The Charmer’s Box”; “Bonsai”; “A blade of Fern”; and “His Native Coat”
- Francisco Arcellana – “The Man Who Could Be Poe”; “Death In a factory”; and “The Other Woman”
- F. Sionil Jose – “The pretenders”; “My brother”;“My executioner”; and “Po-On”
- Cirilo Bautista – “The trilogy of Saint Lazarus”
American Colonization Period (1910-1945)
- The public-school system was introduced by Americans to Filipinos.
- English language was introduced, and themes of autonomy and independence were exhibited in literary works.
- Features of Philippine Literature during this period include:
- Use of local languages, later replaced by English.
- Popularity of first-person point of view in writing.
- Comparison of urban and rural living as a common theme.
Japanese Colonization (1942-1944)
- Journalistic writing was ceased and placed under strict monitoring, with no freedom of speech.
- Filipino writers who lived in the United States wrote freely.
- Many writers wrote in Tagalog, and common themes included nationalism, country, love, and life in the barrios.
- Three types of poems emerged during this period.
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Description
Explore the literary themes and features of Philippine literature during the American colonization period from 1910 to 1945. Learn about the introduction of the public-school system, the role of Thomasites as teachers, the influence of English language, and the portrayal of autonomy, independence, social concerns, and political issues in literary works.
