Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which author wrote the short story 'Footnote to Youth'?
Which author wrote the short story 'Footnote to Youth'?
- Jose Garcia Villa (correct)
- N.V.M. Gonzales
- Nick Joaquin
- Alejandro Roces
What type of literary genre does a narrative poem belong to?
What type of literary genre does a narrative poem belong to?
- Non-Fiction
- Prose
- Fiction
- Poetry (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a sub-genre of poetry?
Which of the following is NOT a sub-genre of poetry?
- Historical fiction (correct)
- Romantic Poem
- Lyric Poem
- Ballad
Which genre primarily focuses on the relationship and romantic love between two people?
Which genre primarily focuses on the relationship and romantic love between two people?
What distinguishes fiction from non-fiction?
What distinguishes fiction from non-fiction?
Which of the following works was written by Nick Joaquin?
Which of the following works was written by Nick Joaquin?
Which sub-genre of fiction typically evokes feelings of dread or fear?
Which sub-genre of fiction typically evokes feelings of dread or fear?
What is an example of a sub-genre of poetry that is meant to be recited?
What is an example of a sub-genre of poetry that is meant to be recited?
What is one major theme of literature during the Japanese period in the Philippines?
What is one major theme of literature during the Japanese period in the Philippines?
Which type of literature is characterized by works expressing social and political protest?
Which type of literature is characterized by works expressing social and political protest?
What significant event occurred on September 21, 1972, in the Philippines?
What significant event occurred on September 21, 1972, in the Philippines?
Which of the following authors was imprisoned during the Martial Law period?
Which of the following authors was imprisoned during the Martial Law period?
What does Circumvention Literature refer to?
What does Circumvention Literature refer to?
How did the Martial Law period influence the development of Philippine literature?
How did the Martial Law period influence the development of Philippine literature?
What was a significant change in literature from the eighties onward?
What was a significant change in literature from the eighties onward?
Which statement best summarizes the role of canonical authors?
Which statement best summarizes the role of canonical authors?
What is the primary characteristic of pre-colonial Philippine literature?
What is the primary characteristic of pre-colonial Philippine literature?
Which of the following is NOT a type of oral tradition in pre-colonial Philippine literature?
Which of the following is NOT a type of oral tradition in pre-colonial Philippine literature?
Which literary form, used in witchcraft or enchantment, is part of pre-colonial oral traditions?
Which literary form, used in witchcraft or enchantment, is part of pre-colonial oral traditions?
What significant change occurred in the Filipino alphabet during the Spanish influence on Philippine literature?
What significant change occurred in the Filipino alphabet during the Spanish influence on Philippine literature?
What was the first book printed in the Philippines?
What was the first book printed in the Philippines?
How did the Spanish influence affect periodicals during their occupation?
How did the Spanish influence affect periodicals during their occupation?
Which of the following describes what Salawikain comprises?
Which of the following describes what Salawikain comprises?
In what way were ancient literary works affected during the Spanish period?
In what way were ancient literary works affected during the Spanish period?
Which type of manga is specifically designed for young girls?
Which type of manga is specifically designed for young girls?
What is the main purpose of a literary analysis?
What is the main purpose of a literary analysis?
Which of the following literary elements is NOT typically examined in a literary analysis?
Which of the following literary elements is NOT typically examined in a literary analysis?
What is the primary feature of Doodle Fiction?
What is the primary feature of Doodle Fiction?
Which step is NOT part of writing a simple literary analysis?
Which step is NOT part of writing a simple literary analysis?
In what format are Text-Talk Novels primarily written?
In what format are Text-Talk Novels primarily written?
What does 'Seinen' refer to in the context of manga genres?
What does 'Seinen' refer to in the context of manga genres?
Which literary device is defined as a comparison between two things using 'like' or 'as'?
Which literary device is defined as a comparison between two things using 'like' or 'as'?
What is the primary function of a metaphor in literature?
What is the primary function of a metaphor in literature?
Which of the following is an example of hyperbole?
Which of the following is an example of hyperbole?
In literary analysis, what is crucial for supporting your selected topic?
In literary analysis, what is crucial for supporting your selected topic?
What does personification attribute to non-human elements?
What does personification attribute to non-human elements?
What is the purpose of outlining when creating a rough draft?
What is the purpose of outlining when creating a rough draft?
Which of the following is NOT a method mentioned for creating a strong final draft?
Which of the following is NOT a method mentioned for creating a strong final draft?
What should a writer avoid when writing a literary analysis?
What should a writer avoid when writing a literary analysis?
Which literary device uses words that imitate sounds?
Which literary device uses words that imitate sounds?
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Study Notes
Philippine Literary History
- Pre-colonial literature showcased diverse cultures through oral traditions such as epic narratives, legends, folktales, riddles, and proverbs.
- Oral and Written Traditions:
- Chant (Bulong): Used in witchcraft or enchantments.
- Legend: Stories reflecting human actions believed to have historical significance.
- Folk Tales: Stories conveying life lessons through themes of adventure, love, humor, and horror.
- Epics: Long narrative poems about heroic deeds, exemplified by Biag ni Lam-ang.
- Folk Songs: Early cultural expressions that emerged during the pre-Spanish period.
- Salawikain: Proverbs that express community norms and beliefs.
- Sawikain: Phrases with figurative or literal meanings.
Spanish Influence on Literature
- Introduction of the Roman alphabet, replacing the indigenous Baybayin.
- Spanish language became a literary medium, enriching Filipino vocabulary.
- Christian Doctrine teachings influenced religious practices and literature.
- Literature transformed: Assimilation of European legends and traditions into local songs and narratives.
- Creation of Tagalog and dialect grammar books.
Key Books from the Spanish Period
- Doctrina Christiana (1593): First printed book in the Philippines, created by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva in Tagalog and Spanish.
- Nuestra Señora del Rosario: Contains biographies of saints and religious texts.
- Barlaan at Josaphat: A biblical story translated into Tagalog.
Themes During the Japanese Period
- Key themes included Nationalism, Love, Provincial Life, and Faith/Religion.
Martial Law Period (1972-1981)
- Martial Law: Military control imposed on specific regions, declared on September 21, 1972.
- Literary Themes:
- Protest Literature: Works expressing social and political dissent.
- Proletariat Literature: Focuses on the working class.
- Prison Literature: Composed by authors while incarcerated.
- Circumvention Literature: Self-published works defying legal restrictions.
Literary Impacts of Martial Law
- Numerous writers jailed; some produced songs and poems reflecting their experiences.
- Notable imprisoned writers include Bienvenido Lumbera, Jose Ma. Sison, and Mila Aguilar.
- Theater became a significant medium for protest.
Contemporary Literary Period
- Post-1980s marked by innovation in Philippine literature in various languages.
- Resurgence of committed literature, especially in poetry, prose, and essays.
- Philippine Commission on Higher Education mandated teaching of national literature.
Canonical Authors
- Highly respected writers whose works significantly contributed to literature include:
- N.V.M. Gonzales - The Bread of Salt
- Edith L. Tiempo - The Little Marmoset, Bonsai
- Nick Joaquin - The Woman Who Had Two Navels
- Alejandro Roces - My Brother's Peculiar Chicken
- José Garcia Villa - Footnote to Youth
- Virgilio S. Almario - The Turtle and the Monkey
- Manuel Arguilla - How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife
Major Literary Genres
- Poetry: Expresses feelings using distinctive styles and rhythm.
- Prose: Ordinary written or spoken language.
- Fiction: Imaginative literature; includes fantasy, folktales, historical fiction, horror, and romance.
- Non-Fiction: Literature based on factual accounts.
Sub-genres of Poetry
- Narrative Poem: Tells a story.
- Romantic Poem: Centers on love.
- Dramatic Poem: Emotional and meant for recitation.
- Lyric Poem: Musical verse conveying deep feelings.
Literary Analysis
- Defines close reading and interpretation of a literary text.
- Aims to reveal deeper meanings through examination of literary devices and structures.
- Steps include:
- Several readings of the text.
- Identifying potential topics and important passages.
- Selecting supportive evidence and interpreting it.
- Drafting and proofreading the analysis to ensure coherence and accuracy.
Techniques in Literary Analysis
- Focus on character development, setting, plot, and thematic elements.
- Utilize literary devices such as simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, and onomatopoeia for deepens understanding of the text.
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