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Questions and Answers
Which author wrote the short story 'Footnote to Youth'?
What type of literary genre does a narrative poem belong to?
Which of the following is NOT a sub-genre of poetry?
Which genre primarily focuses on the relationship and romantic love between two people?
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What distinguishes fiction from non-fiction?
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Which of the following works was written by Nick Joaquin?
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Which sub-genre of fiction typically evokes feelings of dread or fear?
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What is an example of a sub-genre of poetry that is meant to be recited?
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What is one major theme of literature during the Japanese period in the Philippines?
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Which type of literature is characterized by works expressing social and political protest?
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What significant event occurred on September 21, 1972, in the Philippines?
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Which of the following authors was imprisoned during the Martial Law period?
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What does Circumvention Literature refer to?
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How did the Martial Law period influence the development of Philippine literature?
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What was a significant change in literature from the eighties onward?
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Which statement best summarizes the role of canonical authors?
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What is the primary characteristic of pre-colonial Philippine literature?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of oral tradition in pre-colonial Philippine literature?
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Which literary form, used in witchcraft or enchantment, is part of pre-colonial oral traditions?
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What significant change occurred in the Filipino alphabet during the Spanish influence on Philippine literature?
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What was the first book printed in the Philippines?
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How did the Spanish influence affect periodicals during their occupation?
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Which of the following describes what Salawikain comprises?
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In what way were ancient literary works affected during the Spanish period?
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Which type of manga is specifically designed for young girls?
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What is the main purpose of a literary analysis?
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Which of the following literary elements is NOT typically examined in a literary analysis?
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What is the primary feature of Doodle Fiction?
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Which step is NOT part of writing a simple literary analysis?
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In what format are Text-Talk Novels primarily written?
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What does 'Seinen' refer to in the context of manga genres?
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Which literary device is defined as a comparison between two things using 'like' or 'as'?
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What is the primary function of a metaphor in literature?
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Which of the following is an example of hyperbole?
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In literary analysis, what is crucial for supporting your selected topic?
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What does personification attribute to non-human elements?
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What is the purpose of outlining when creating a rough draft?
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Which of the following is NOT a method mentioned for creating a strong final draft?
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What should a writer avoid when writing a literary analysis?
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Which literary device uses words that imitate sounds?
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Study Notes
Philippine Literary History
- Pre-colonial literature showcased diverse cultures through oral traditions such as epic narratives, legends, folktales, riddles, and proverbs.
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Oral and Written Traditions:
- Chant (Bulong): Used in witchcraft or enchantments.
- Legend: Stories reflecting human actions believed to have historical significance.
- Folk Tales: Stories conveying life lessons through themes of adventure, love, humor, and horror.
- Epics: Long narrative poems about heroic deeds, exemplified by Biag ni Lam-ang.
- Folk Songs: Early cultural expressions that emerged during the pre-Spanish period.
- Salawikain: Proverbs that express community norms and beliefs.
- Sawikain: Phrases with figurative or literal meanings.
Spanish Influence on Literature
- Introduction of the Roman alphabet, replacing the indigenous Baybayin.
- Spanish language became a literary medium, enriching Filipino vocabulary.
- Christian Doctrine teachings influenced religious practices and literature.
- Literature transformed: Assimilation of European legends and traditions into local songs and narratives.
- Creation of Tagalog and dialect grammar books.
Key Books from the Spanish Period
- Doctrina Christiana (1593): First printed book in the Philippines, created by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva in Tagalog and Spanish.
- Nuestra Señora del Rosario: Contains biographies of saints and religious texts.
- Barlaan at Josaphat: A biblical story translated into Tagalog.
Themes During the Japanese Period
- Key themes included Nationalism, Love, Provincial Life, and Faith/Religion.
Martial Law Period (1972-1981)
- Martial Law: Military control imposed on specific regions, declared on September 21, 1972.
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Literary Themes:
- Protest Literature: Works expressing social and political dissent.
- Proletariat Literature: Focuses on the working class.
- Prison Literature: Composed by authors while incarcerated.
- Circumvention Literature: Self-published works defying legal restrictions.
Literary Impacts of Martial Law
- Numerous writers jailed; some produced songs and poems reflecting their experiences.
- Notable imprisoned writers include Bienvenido Lumbera, Jose Ma. Sison, and Mila Aguilar.
- Theater became a significant medium for protest.
Contemporary Literary Period
- Post-1980s marked by innovation in Philippine literature in various languages.
- Resurgence of committed literature, especially in poetry, prose, and essays.
- Philippine Commission on Higher Education mandated teaching of national literature.
Canonical Authors
- Highly respected writers whose works significantly contributed to literature include:
- N.V.M. Gonzales - The Bread of Salt
- Edith L. Tiempo - The Little Marmoset, Bonsai
- Nick Joaquin - The Woman Who Had Two Navels
- Alejandro Roces - My Brother's Peculiar Chicken
- José Garcia Villa - Footnote to Youth
- Virgilio S. Almario - The Turtle and the Monkey
- Manuel Arguilla - How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife
Major Literary Genres
- Poetry: Expresses feelings using distinctive styles and rhythm.
- Prose: Ordinary written or spoken language.
- Fiction: Imaginative literature; includes fantasy, folktales, historical fiction, horror, and romance.
- Non-Fiction: Literature based on factual accounts.
Sub-genres of Poetry
- Narrative Poem: Tells a story.
- Romantic Poem: Centers on love.
- Dramatic Poem: Emotional and meant for recitation.
- Lyric Poem: Musical verse conveying deep feelings.
Literary Analysis
- Defines close reading and interpretation of a literary text.
- Aims to reveal deeper meanings through examination of literary devices and structures.
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Steps include:
- Several readings of the text.
- Identifying potential topics and important passages.
- Selecting supportive evidence and interpreting it.
- Drafting and proofreading the analysis to ensure coherence and accuracy.
Techniques in Literary Analysis
- Focus on character development, setting, plot, and thematic elements.
- Utilize literary devices such as simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, and onomatopoeia for deepens understanding of the text.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the rich tapestry of Philippine literary history from the pre-colonial to the American period. This quiz covers oral and written traditions, including legendary narratives and various forms of folklore. Dive into the diverse cultural backgrounds that shaped Filipino literature.
