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Questions and Answers
What is the most prominent characteristic of pre-colonial Philippine literature?
What is the most prominent characteristic of pre-colonial Philippine literature?
Which of the following is NOT a type of folk song mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a type of folk song mentioned in the text?
What is the purpose of 'bugtong' in pre-colonial Philippine literature?
What is the purpose of 'bugtong' in pre-colonial Philippine literature?
Which of the following is a characteristic of 'tanaga', a literary form mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is a characteristic of 'tanaga', a literary form mentioned in the text?
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What is the purpose of 'salawikain' (proverbs) in pre-colonial Philippine literature?
What is the purpose of 'salawikain' (proverbs) in pre-colonial Philippine literature?
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Which of the following literary forms is NOT mentioned in the text?
Which of the following literary forms is NOT mentioned in the text?
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What type of literary work typically explains the origin of things?
What type of literary work typically explains the origin of things?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Spanish colonial literature?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Spanish colonial literature?
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What type of Spanish colonial literary work dramatizes the passion and death of Christ?
What type of Spanish colonial literary work dramatizes the passion and death of Christ?
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Which of the following is an example of a secular Spanish colonial literary form?
Which of the following is an example of a secular Spanish colonial literary form?
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What is the main purpose of the Spanish friars' literary works during the colonial period?
What is the main purpose of the Spanish friars' literary works during the colonial period?
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Study Notes
Pre-Colonial Period (BC to 1564)
- Based on oral traditions, crude on ideology and phraseology
- Characterized by oral literature, folk songs, prose works, and epics
Oral Literature
- Riddles (bugtong): battle of wits among participants, e.g. Tigmo (Cebu), Paktakon (Ilonggo), Patotdon (Bicol)
- Proverbs (salawikain): wise sayings that contain a metaphor, used to teach as a food for thought
- Tanaga: a mono-riming heptasyllabic quatrain, expressing insights and lessons on life
Folk Songs
- Express hopes and aspirations, people's lifestyles, and loves
- Often repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naive
- Examples:
- Hele or oyayi (lullaby)
- Soliranin (boat song)
- Kumintang (war song)
- Diona (wedding song)
- Dalit (religious song)
- Kundiman (love song)
- Dapayanin (drinking song)
- Ambahan (Mangyan) - 7-syllable per line poem, about human relationships and social entertainment
- Kalusan (Ivatan) - work songs, depicting livelihood of the people
- Tagay (Cebuano and Waray) - drinking song
- Kanogan (Cebuano) - song of lamentation for the dead
- Hibais (travel song)
- Dung-aw (funeral song)
- Bangsal (courting song)
Prose Works
- Myths (Mito): explain how the world was created, how certain animals possess certain characteristics, etc.
- Legends (Alamat): explain the origin of things, e.g. Why the Pineapple Has Eyes, The Legend of Maria Makiling
- Fables (Pabula): use animal characters and allegory
- Fantastic stories: deal with underworld characters, e.g. tiyanak, aswang, kapre
- Folk tales (Kwentong-bayan)
- Parables (Parabula)
Epics
- Narratives of sustained length, based on oral tradition, revolving around supernatural events or heroic deeds
- Examples:
- Lam-ang (Ilocano)
- Hinilawod (Panay)
- Kudaman (Palawan)
- Darangen (Maranao)
- Alim and Hudhud (Ifugaos)
- Kumintang (Tagalogs)
- Ibalon (Bicolanos)
- Maragtas, Hinilawod (Visayans)
- Hari sa Bukid (Hiligaynons)
- Dagoy and Sudsod (Tagbanuas)
- Bantugan (Muslims)
- Indarapatra Sulayman (Maguindanaos)
- Tatuaang (Bagobos)
- Ulagingen and Saleb (Manobos)
Spanish Colonization Period (1565 - 1863)
- Philippines was discovered by the first group of colonizers, the Spaniards
- First settlement by the Spaniards in Cebu was by the group of Adelantado Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
Characteristics
- Two distinct classifications: religious and secular
- Introduced Spanish as the medium of communication
Literary Forms
Religious Literature
- Written by ladino poets or those versed in both Spanish and Tagalog
- Included in early catechism and used to teach Filipinos the Spanish language
- Examples:
- Pasyon: long narrative poem about the passion and death of Christ
- Senakulo: dramatization of the pasyon, showing the passion and death of Christ
- Doctrina Cristiana: the Catholic book of prayers and doctrines
Secular Literature
- Awit: colorful tales of chivalry made for singing and chanting
- Korido: metrical tale written in octosyllabic quatrains
- Prose Narratives: written to prescribe proper decorum
- Examples:
- Dialogo
- Ejemplo
- Manual de Urbanidad
- Tratado
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Description
Learn about the characteristics and literary forms of Philippine Literature during the Pre-Colonial Period, from --BC to 1564. Explore the oral traditions, riddles, proverbs, and Tanaga poetry that were prevalent during this era.
