69 Questions
According to Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., what has had more to do than the syllogism in determining the rules by which men should be governed?
The felt necessities of time
What is the role of judges and justices of the appellate courts?
To determine the rights and responsibilities of the parties to the case
Why is there a need for the judiciary in a country governed by laws?
To provide a neutral arbiter for resolving conflicting interests
Which cases fall under the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
Cases involving the legality of taxes
Who appoints judges of the lower courts in the Philippines?
The President of the Philippines
What is the principal function of the Judicial and Bar Council?
To recommend appointees to the judiciary
What is the power of the Supreme Court in terms of the practice of law?
It has the power to admit qualified candidates to the practice of law
What is the purpose of Republic Act No. 10660?
To strengthen the functional and structural organization of the Sandiganbayan
How many Sandiganbayan justices are there after the implementation of RA 10660?
21
What is the jurisdiction of the Regional Trial Courts?
Both original and appellate jurisdiction
What is the purpose of the Shari’a Circuit Courts?
To interpret and apply the Code of Muslim Personal Laws
Which branch of government is responsible for interpreting, defending, and applying the law in the Philippines?
Judicial branch
What is the primary role of the judiciary in the Philippines?
To interpret laws
Which court has the power to review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm final judgments or orders of lower courts in the Philippines?
Supreme Court
What is the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in the Philippines?
Both original and appellate jurisdiction
Which court is the primary appellate court of the Philippines?
Court of Appeals
Which body has the authority to promulgate rules concerning legal assistance to the underprivileged?
Supreme Court
Which body is the sole judge of all contests relating to the elections, returns, and qualifications of their respective Members in the Senate and the House of Representatives?
Electoral Tribunal
Which of the following is true about the Court of Appeals?
It reviews cases where the sentence is reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment
What is the jurisdiction of the Court of Tax Appeals?
Reviewing decisions in cases involving disputed assessments
What is the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan?
Trying public officers charged with violation of Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act
What is the difference between the Court of Appeals and the Sandiganbayan?
The Court of Appeals has original and exclusive jurisdiction over criminal offenses arising from violations of the Tax or Tariff Codes and other laws administered by the Bureau of Internal Revenue or the Bureau of Customs while the Sandiganbayan has jurisdiction to try public officers charged with criminal cases involving violation of the country’s laws on graft and corruption
What is the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals?
Resolving cases based on the record of the proceedings from the trial court
What is the primary function of judges and justices of the appellate courts?
To determine the rights and responsibilities of parties to a case
What is the role of the judiciary in a country governed by laws?
To resolve conflicts and render justice
What factors influence the rules determined by judges and justices?
Sentiments of the times, public policy, and biases
What is the composition of the Supreme Court?
14 other Justices aside from the Chief Justice
What is the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in terms of cases filed directly with it?
Cases involving ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls
What is the qualification for retirement of a Supreme Court Justice?
At the age of 70
What is the primary function of the judiciary in the Philippines?
To interpret and apply the law in the name of the state
What is the main function of the Judicial and Bar Council in the Philippines?
To supervise the appointment of judges and justices in the lower courts
What is the power of the Supreme Court in terms of disciplining judges of lower courts?
It can order their dismissal by a majority vote of the members who actually took part in the deliberation
What is the power of the Supreme Court in terms of the practice of law in the Philippines?
It has the sole power to admit qualified candidates to the practice of law and can promulgate the necessary rules
What is the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in criminal cases?
It exercises appellate jurisdiction in all criminal cases in which the penalty imposed is reclusion perpetua or higher
What is the purpose of the Shari’a Appellate Court?
To review decisions of the Shari’a District Courts
How many divisions are there in the Sandiganbayan after the implementation of RA 10660?
7
What is the jurisdiction of the Trial Courts of the First Level?
Original jurisdiction only
What is the difference between the Regional Trial Courts and the Shari’a District Courts?
The Regional Trial Courts have original jurisdiction only while the Shari’a District Courts have both original and appellate jurisdiction
What is the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan in terms of criminal cases?
Criminal cases involving public officers with a salary grade of 27 and above
What is the jurisdiction of the Court of Tax Appeals over criminal offenses?
It has jurisdiction over criminal offenses arising from violations of the Tax or Tariff Codes and other laws administered by the Bureau of Internal Revenue or the Bureau of Customs
What is the difference between the Court of Appeals and the Sandiganbayan?
The Court of Appeals has jurisdiction over all cases, while the Sandiganbayan has jurisdiction over specific cases involving public officers
What is the original and exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals under the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001 or RA 9160?
To issue freeze orders over any monetary instrument or property
Which of the following is true about the Supreme Court of the Philippines?
It is the sole judge of all contests, relation to the election, returns, and qualifications of the President or Vice-President.
Which of the following is true about the Court of Appeals of the Philippines?
It is assigned to review cases elevated to it from the Regional Trial Courts and quasi-judicial agencies.
Which of the following is true about the Electoral Tribunals in the Philippines?
They are composed of nine Justices of the Supreme Court and Members of the Senate or the House of Representatives.
Which of the following is true about the power of the Supreme Court in the Philippines?
It has the power to promulgate its rules for the purpose of being the sole judge of all contests relating to the elections, returns, and qualifications of the President or Vice-President.
What is the primary reason for the existence of the judiciary?
To render justice
What influences the judges in determining the rules by which men should be governed?
Public policy and biases
What is the role of justices of the appellate courts in the judiciary?
To determine the rights and responsibilities of parties to a case
What is the highest court in the Philippine Judiciary system?
Supreme Court
Which of the following cases may be filed directly with the Supreme Court without passing through any of the lower courts?
Cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls
What is the retirement age for a Supreme Court Justice in the Philippines?
70
What is the primary role of the Philippine Judiciary?
To settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable
Which cases fall under the Supreme Court's appellate jurisdiction?
Cases involving the constitutionality or validity of any treaty, international or executive agreement, law, presidential decree, proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance, or regulation
What is the function of the Judicial and Bar Council in the Philippines?
To recommend appointees to the judiciary
What is the power of the Supreme Court in terms of the practice of law in the Philippines?
To admit qualified candidates to the practice of law
What is the role of the Supreme Court in relation to the lower courts in the Philippines?
To have administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof
What is the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan in relation to public officers?
It has jurisdiction over public officers with a salary grade of 27 and above who violate the country's laws on graft and corruption
What is the jurisdiction of the Court of Tax Appeals over criminal offenses?
It has original jurisdiction over all criminal offenses arising from violations of tax or tariff codes
What is the status of the Court of Tax Appeals after the implementation of RA 9282?
It was elevated to that of the Court of Appeals
What is the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals over cases from trial courts?
It resolves cases based on the record of the proceedings from the trial court
What is the jurisdiction of the Shari’a Circuit Courts in the Philippines?
They have original jurisdiction over cases involving Muslim Personal Laws
What is the difference between the Municipal Trial Courts in Cities and the Municipal Circuit Trial Courts in the Philippines?
The Municipal Circuit Trial Courts are established in every city which does not form part of Metropolitan Manila
What is the difference between the Regional Trial Courts and the Shari’a District Courts in the Philippines?
The Shari’a District Courts have jurisdiction over cases involving Muslim Personal Laws
What is the appellate jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan in the Philippines?
It has original jurisdiction over cases involving violations of anti-graft and corrupt practices
What is the authority of the Supreme Court in terms of rules of procedures of quasi-judicial bodies?
The Supreme Court can disapprove the rules of procedures of quasi-judicial bodies but existing rules remain effective unless disapproved
What is the composition of the Electoral Tribunals of the Senate and the House of Representatives?
Each Electoral Tribunal is composed of nine Members of the Senate or the House of Representatives and three Justices of the Supreme Court
What is the role of the Court of Appeals in the Philippine justice system?
The Court of Appeals is assigned to review cases elevated to it from the Regional Trial Courts and quasi-judicial agencies
What is the authority of the Supreme Court in terms of election contests?
The Supreme Court is the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of the President or Vice-President
Study Notes
Judicial System in the Philippines
- Experience, not syllogism, has had more to do in determining the rules by which men should be governed.
Roles of Judges and Justices
- The primary function of judges and justices of the appellate courts is to review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm final judgments or orders of lower courts.
Importance of the Judiciary
- The judiciary is essential in a country governed by laws to ensure that laws are interpreted, defended, and applied correctly.
Supreme Court
- The Supreme Court has the power to review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm final judgments or orders of lower courts.
- It has original and exclusive jurisdiction over cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which the Philippines is a party.
- It has the power to discipline judges of lower courts.
- It is the highest court in the Philippine judiciary system.
- It has the authority to promulgate rules concerning legal assistance to the underprivileged.
- Its justices are composed of a Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices.
Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
- The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction over cases that involve the constitutionality of a treaty, international agreement, executive agreement, or executive order.
- It has jurisdiction over cases involving the existence or validity of a treaty, international agreement, or executive agreement.
Court of Appeals
- The Court of Appeals is the primary appellate court of the Philippines.
- It has the power to review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm final judgments or orders of lower courts.
- It has original and exclusive jurisdiction under the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001 or RA 9160.
Sandiganbayan
- The Sandiganbayan has jurisdiction over criminal cases involving public officers.
- It has seven divisions after the implementation of RA 10660.
- It is a special appellate court that hears cases involving graft and corruption.
Shari'a Courts
- The Shari'a Appellate Court and the Shari'a Circuit Courts have jurisdiction over cases involving Muslims.
- The Shari'a Appellate Court has the same jurisdiction as the Court of Appeals.
Regional Trial Courts
- The Regional Trial Courts have jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases.
Judicial and Bar Council
- The Judicial and Bar Council screens and recommends candidates for judgeships and justiceships in the Philippines.
- It has the authority to discipline judges and justices.
Other Courts
- The Court of Tax Appeals has jurisdiction over tax-related cases.
- The Electoral Tribunals have jurisdiction over election contests in the Senate and the House of Representatives.
- The Municipal Trial Courts and the Municipal Circuit Trial Courts have jurisdiction over small claims cases.
- The Shari'a District Courts have jurisdiction over cases involving Muslims.
Retirement of a Supreme Court Justice
- A Supreme Court Justice retires at the age of 70.
Test your knowledge on the Philippine Constitution's provisions regarding the Judiciary's appropriations and the Supreme Court's authority to provide legal assistance to the underprivileged.
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