10 Questions
What is the term used to describe the concept of being overly concerned with personal matters?
Extreme Personalism
What is the name of the treaty that divided the world into two, with Spain controlling the West and Portugal controlling the East?
Treaty of Tordesillas
What was the primary purpose of the 'Reduccion' policy implemented by the Spanish colonizers?
To resettle the natives into smaller towns
What was the name given to the Philippines by Ruy López de Villalobos?
Las Islas Filipinas
What was the term used to describe the system of government led by friars in the Philippines during the Spanish colonization?
Frailocracy
According to Henry Otley Beyer's Wave Migration Theory, who introduced bronze and rice terraces in the Philippines?
Indones
What is the term for the social class of free men or commoners in the pre-Spanish period?
Timawa
Who is believed to be the ancestor of Filipinos according to F.Landa Jocano's Core Population Theory?
Tabon Man
What is the term for the form of punishment during the pre-Spanish period, where the accused is subjected to pain to determine guilt or innocence?
Trials by Ordeal
What is the term for the Filipino trait of procrastination or putting things off until later?
Manana Habit
Study Notes
Henry Otley Beyer's Wave Migration Theory
- The theory proposes three waves of migration to the Philippines: Dawn Man, Indones, and Malays.
- Dawn Man was the first to come to the Philippines.
- Aetas/Negritos were the aboriginal settlers in the Philippines.
- Indones introduced bronze and rice terraces to the Philippines.
- Malays were the last to come to the Philippines, riding the Balangay.
Core Population Theory
- The theory was proposed by F. Landa Jocano.
- It is based on evolution and believes that Filipinos came from Tabon Man.
- Tabon Man was discovered by Robert Fox and Manuel Santiago in Tabon Cave in Palawan.
Pre-Spanish Period
Social Class
- Maharlika: datus, nobles, and rajah.
- Timawa: free men, commoners.
- Alipin: divided into Aliping Sagigilid (living with their masters) and Aliping Namamahay (with their own homes).
- All lived in a barangay with 30-100 families.
Religion
- Paganism: worship of multiple gods.
- Animism: worship of nature, such as trees, rocks, and the sun.
Economy
- Based on trading and bartering.
- Early traders included the Orang Dampuan from Champa Vietnam, the Banjarmasin from Indonesia, and the Chinese during the Ming Dynasty.
Government
- Datu: the highest authority, making laws and interpreting them.
- Umalohokan: barangay announcer or town crier.
- No court system during this period.
- Trials by ordeal: punishment through pain, eye for an eye.
Communities
- Igorot: lived in the Cordilleras and practiced mummification.
- Pintados: tattooed people in Panay.
Other Important Terms
- Bothoan: considered the first school during this period.
- Baybayin: the first system of writing.
Filipino Traits
- Kanya-kanya/Tayo-tayo: crab mentality.
- Ningas cogon: excellence only at the beginning.
- Manana habit: procrastination.
- Ethnocentric: believing one's own country is superior.
- Xenocentric: believing other countries are superior.
- Extreme personalism: giving too much importance to personal relationships.
- Bahala na: ambivalence.
- Porma over substance: novice learner.
- Substance over porma: expert learner.
- Remedyo attitude: finding solutions.
- Cheerful: being happy and optimistic.
- Blood compact/sanduguan: sealing friendships.
- Bethrothal: engagement in the prehispanic era.
- Dowry originated in India.
Terms to Remember
- Mai: means gold in Mindoro.
- Makhdum: an Arab missionary who brought Islam to the Philippines in 1380.
- First Sultunate: Sulu, founded by Abu Bakr.
- First settlement of Islam: Tawi-Tawi.
- EFIC: External, Forms, Internal, Content.
Coming of the West
Treaty of Tordesillas
- Divided the world into two: Spanish West and Portuguese East.
Social Classes During the Spanish Colonization
- Pimpi: social classes during the Spanish colonization.
- Peninsulares: Spaniards born in Spain.
- Insulares: Spaniards born in the Philippines.
- Mestizo: those with foreign blood.
- Principalia: educated, middle-class individuals.
- Indio: natives.
Spanish Policies
- Pueblo: town.
- Tributo: tax.
- Cabecerras: town center.
- Reduccion: resettlement.
- Bandala: product tax.
- Polo Y Servicio: forced labor.
- Polista: polo worker.
- Falla: exemption fee from the Polo Y Servicio.
- Trade center: a center for trade.
- Alcadia: pacified area of Spain.
- Corregimentos: unpacified area of Spain.
- Indulto de Comercio: privilege given to the governor to engage in trade.
- Frailocracy: government led by friars.
- Cabeza de Barangay: collector of tax.
Order of Spanish Expedition
- MaLoCaSaViPi: Magellan, Loaisa, Cabot, Saavedra, Villalobos, Legazpi.
- Ferdinand Magellan: first to circumnavigate the Earth, arrived in the Philippines on March 16, 1521, and died on April 27, 1521.
- Ruy López de Villalobos: named the Philippines "Las Islas Filipinas" after King Philip II.
Test your knowledge of Henry Otley Beyer's Wave Migration Theory and F.Landa Jocano's Core Population Theory in the context of Philippine History and Rizal's life and works.
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