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Questions and Answers
Who was the first president of the Philippines?
What event is marked by the Cry of Pugad Lawin?
What was the purpose of Miguel López de Legazpi's arrival in the Philippines?
Which act established July 4 as Philippine Republic Day?
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Which key figure was responsible for writing the Philippine Declaration of Independence?
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When did the Philippines officially become an independent nation recognized by the UN?
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What is commemorated on June 12 in the Philippines?
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Which of the following events occurred in 1906?
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Who is known as the 'Brains of the Revolution' during the Philippine Revolution?
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What event was sparked by the removal of privileges like tax exemptions for Filipino soldiers and laborers?
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Which of the following individuals had the honor of waving the Philippine flag?
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What was the significance of the Pact of Biyak-na-Bato negotiated by Pedro Paterno in 1897?
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Which of the following statements reflects the Spanish perspective on the Cavite Mutiny?
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Who composed the music for 'Marcha Filipina Magdalo' which later became 'Lupang Hinirang'?
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How many individuals signed the Declaration of Philippine Independence?
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What was the role of Marcela Agoncillo in relation to the Philippine flag?
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Study Notes
Philippine History
- 1521: Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines and discovered Homonhon Island, now part of Samar.
- 1521: The Battle of Mactan took place where Lapulapu, a local chieftain, resisted Magellan's attempt to impose Christianity.
- 1565: Miguel López de Legazpi established the first permanent Spanish settlement in Cebu, aiming to solidify Spanish presence and convert Filipinos to Christianity.
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Philippine Revolution (1896-1898):
- Cry of Pugad Lawin (August 23, 1896): Marked the beginning of the Philippine Revolution, with the Katipunan, led by Andres Bonifacio, rebelling against Spanish rule.
- Death of Jose Rizal (December 30, 1896): The execution of Rizal, a national hero, further fueled the revolutionary spirit.
- Battle of Tejeros (1897), Battle of Tirad Pass (1899): Key battles during the revolution.
- June 12, 1898: Philippine Independence was declared at Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo’s residence in Kawit, Cavite. The Philippine flag, sewn by Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herbosa, was unfurled.
- 1902: The Philippine Organic Act established a territorial government under the Bureau of Insular Affairs.
- 1906: The military government transitioned to a civilian government known as the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands.
- 1935: Manuel L. Quezon was elected as the second president, establishing the Commonwealth as a transitional government.
- 1945: The Philippines became a founding member of the United Nations.
- 1946: The Philippines was recognized as an independent nation by the UN through the Treaty of Manila.
- June 12: Philippine Independence Day
- July 4: Philippine-American Friendship Day
- Republic Act 4166: Changed the date of Philippine Independence Day from July 4 to June 12, and declared July 4 as Philippine Republic Day.
Key Figures of the Philippine Revolution
- Emilio Aguinaldo: Leader of the revolutionary forces and the first president of the Philippines.
- Ambrocio Rianzares Bautista: Authored and wrote the Declaration of Independence.
- Julian Felipe: Composed the national anthem.
- Marcela Agoncillo: Sewed the Philippine flag with Lorenza Agoncillo and Delfina Herbosa.
- Apolinario Mabini: Known as the "Brains of the Revolution," a key advisor to President Aguinaldo.
- Antonio Luna: A military leader who helped discipline and train the revolutionary army.
- Pedro Paterno: Negotiated the Pact of Biyak-na-Bato in 1897 and wrote the Declaration of Philippine Independence.
- Gregorio Del Pilar: Known as "ang batang heneral," he was honored to wave the Philippine flag.
- Artemio Ricarte: Known as "The Viper," a prominent military leader.
Cavite Mutiny
- Filipino Perspective: The mutiny was viewed as a justified uprising against Spanish oppression and the removal of privileges for Filipino soldiers and laborers.
- Spanish Perspective: The mutiny was seen as a rebellion incited by native clergy and the intellectual class, aiming for independence.
- January 20, 1872: The mutiny occurred at the Cavite Arsenal.
- Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera: Perceived the mutiny as a response to oppressive colonial policies.
- Jose Montero y Vidal: Believed the mutiny was a broader conspiracy driven by intellectuals and clergy, aiming to overthrow Spanish rule. He justified the execution of the Gomburza, priests who were accused of involvement in the mutiny.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key events in Philippine history, from the arrival of Magellan in 1521 to the declaration of independence in 1898. Learn about significant figures such as Lapulapu and Jose Rizal, and pivotal moments like the Philippine Revolution. This quiz will challenge your understanding of the Philippines' rich historical landscape.
