Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary output of the health system?
What is the primary output of the health system?
Fair financing means that individuals contribute a similar percentage of their income for health services.
Fair financing means that individuals contribute a similar percentage of their income for health services.
True (A)
What are the four vital health system functions?
What are the four vital health system functions?
Health service provision, health service inputs, stewardship, and health financing.
The most visible product of the health system is public and private ______ provision.
The most visible product of the health system is public and private ______ provision.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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According to Roemer (1991), what is a health system composed of?
According to Roemer (1991), what is a health system composed of?
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The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a health system as only organizations and institutions dedicated to improving health.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a health system as only organizations and institutions dedicated to improving health.
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What are the three primary goals identified by the WHO for a health system?
What are the three primary goals identified by the WHO for a health system?
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A well-performing health system promotes ____ by ensuring access to healthcare regardless of income, gender, or location.
A well-performing health system promotes ____ by ensuring access to healthcare regardless of income, gender, or location.
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Match the following components of a health system with their corresponding function:
Match the following components of a health system with their corresponding function:
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A health system should only include personal healthcare services.
A health system should only include personal healthcare services.
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Why is it important for a health system to engage people as active partners in their care?
Why is it important for a health system to engage people as active partners in their care?
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What is the overarching goal of a health system according to the WHO?
What is the overarching goal of a health system according to the WHO?
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What is a primary function of health financing?
What is a primary function of health financing?
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The Beveridge model of health financing is primarily funded through payroll deductions.
The Beveridge model of health financing is primarily funded through payroll deductions.
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What is one main goal of service delivery in health systems?
What is one main goal of service delivery in health systems?
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The ________ model is characterized by government-funded healthcare through taxes.
The ________ model is characterized by government-funded healthcare through taxes.
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the health system building blocks?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the health system building blocks?
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Match the following health system functions to their descriptions:
Match the following health system functions to their descriptions:
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Effective oversight and regulation are part of health system leadership and governance.
Effective oversight and regulation are part of health system leadership and governance.
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Name one challenge the health reform initiatives in the Philippines aimed to address.
Name one challenge the health reform initiatives in the Philippines aimed to address.
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Which act promoted the writing of prescriptions using the generic name of the drug?
Which act promoted the writing of prescriptions using the generic name of the drug?
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The FOURmula One for Health was introduced in 2005 to enhance the delivery of health care services in the Philippines.
The FOURmula One for Health was introduced in 2005 to enhance the delivery of health care services in the Philippines.
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What year was the Local Government Code enacted, transferring the responsibility of health service provision to local government units?
What year was the Local Government Code enacted, transferring the responsibility of health service provision to local government units?
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The _____ Act aimed to ensure access to affordable quality drugs and medicines for all.
The _____ Act aimed to ensure access to affordable quality drugs and medicines for all.
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Match the following historical developments with their corresponding years:
Match the following historical developments with their corresponding years:
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What is one of the primary responsibilities of the Department of Health (DOH)?
What is one of the primary responsibilities of the Department of Health (DOH)?
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What is the primary focus of the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022?
What is the primary focus of the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022?
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The slogan 'All for Health Towards Health For All' emphasizes access to health interventions only for the wealthy.
The slogan 'All for Health Towards Health For All' emphasizes access to health interventions only for the wealthy.
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As of 2010, the Department of Health provided healthcare services directly to all regions in the Philippines.
As of 2010, the Department of Health provided healthcare services directly to all regions in the Philippines.
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What significant change did the Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991 bring to health governance in the Philippines?
What significant change did the Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991 bring to health governance in the Philippines?
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What large-scale health initiative was introduced in the Philippines in 2010?
What large-scale health initiative was introduced in the Philippines in 2010?
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Under the post-devolution structure, the ______ oversees tertiary medical centers.
Under the post-devolution structure, the ______ oversees tertiary medical centers.
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Match each plan or agenda with its primary goal:
Match each plan or agenda with its primary goal:
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Which of the following is NOT part of the Universal Health Care's guarantees?
Which of the following is NOT part of the Universal Health Care's guarantees?
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The NEDA AmBisyon Natin 2040 plan focuses on promoting poverty and inequality.
The NEDA AmBisyon Natin 2040 plan focuses on promoting poverty and inequality.
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What are the three tiers managed by the DOH before the devolution of health services?
What are the three tiers managed by the DOH before the devolution of health services?
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Flashcards
Equity in health systems
Equity in health systems
Aiming for fairness and minimizing health disparities within and between countries.
Health service provision
Health service provision
The primary output of the health system, including clinical services and preventive measures.
Health service inputs
Health service inputs
Resources necessary for service delivery, such as medications, staff, and equipment.
Stewardship
Stewardship
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Health financing
Health financing
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Fair financing
Fair financing
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Preventive measures
Preventive measures
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Data-driven decision-making
Data-driven decision-making
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Revenue Collection
Revenue Collection
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Risk Pooling
Risk Pooling
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Bismarck Model
Bismarck Model
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Beveridge Model
Beveridge Model
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Service Delivery
Service Delivery
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Health Workforce
Health Workforce
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Leadership and Governance
Leadership and Governance
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Primary Health Care Strategy (1979)
Primary Health Care Strategy (1979)
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Generics Act (1988)
Generics Act (1988)
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Local Government Code (1991)
Local Government Code (1991)
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National Health Insurance Act (1995)
National Health Insurance Act (1995)
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FOURmula One for Health (2005)
FOURmula One for Health (2005)
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Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act (2008)
Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act (2008)
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Universal Health Care (2010)
Universal Health Care (2010)
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Department of Health (DOH) Mandate
Department of Health (DOH) Mandate
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Definition of Health System
Definition of Health System
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Key Components of Health System
Key Components of Health System
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WHO Definition of Health System
WHO Definition of Health System
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Goals of Health System
Goals of Health System
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Overarching Goal
Overarching Goal
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Health Equity
Health Equity
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Engagement in Care
Engagement in Care
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Responsive Health Services
Responsive Health Services
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Pre-Devolution Structure
Pre-Devolution Structure
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Post-Devolution Structure
Post-Devolution Structure
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Universal Health Care (UHC)
Universal Health Care (UHC)
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Service Delivery Networks (SDNs)
Service Delivery Networks (SDNs)
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Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022
Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022
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AmBisyon Natin 2040
AmBisyon Natin 2040
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Sustainable Development Goals 2030
Sustainable Development Goals 2030
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Health Promotion and Prevention
Health Promotion and Prevention
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Study Notes
Intended Learning Outcomes
- Define health systems from international, national, and local perspectives
- Identify goals and functions of a health system
- Explain the relationship between system building blocks and health outcomes
- Understand the structure of the Philippine health system
Health System
- A health system combines resources, organizations, financing, and management to deliver health services to the population (Roemer, 1991)
- Key components include: community, ministries of health, healthcare providers, pharmaceutical companies, health financing bodies, and other related organizations
- Each component plays a role in governance, health service provision, and resource management and financing
Well-Performing Health System
- Provides health-improving activities
- Promotes health equity, including personal healthcare, public health services, and intersectoral initiatives
Goals and Functions of a Health System
- The WHO identifies three main goals: improving the health of populations, improving the responsiveness of health systems, and providing fair health financing
- Overarching goal: Enhance health for all populations, address health disparities, and aim for equity.
- System responsiveness: Provide quality, timely, respectful services to engage patients actively. Prioritize patient autonomy and dignity
- Fair health financing: Ensure equitable financing to promote access to needed care without financial hardship
Vital Health System Functions
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1. Health Service Provision: The primary output of the health system, including clinical and preventive measures to improve population health, needs from treatment to health promotion.
- Primary measures (e.g., smoking bans, vaccines, healthy lifestyle campaigns)
- Secondary measures (e.g., blood tests, early screenings, preventative medications)
- Tertiary measures (e.g., disease management, support groups, rehabilitation programs)
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2. Health Service Inputs: Resources needed for delivery like medications, medical staff, and equipment. Policymakers must manage resources efficiently to meet both short-term needs and long-term resource generation.
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3. Stewardship: Government oversight of the health system focusing on setting health priorities, coordinating related systems, and ensuring data-driven decision-making. This also includes the function of identifying health priorities, establishing institutional frameworks, coordinating with related systems, analyzing health priorities and resource generation, and creating data for effective decision-making.
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4. Health Financing: Raising and pooling funds for services, achieved through methods like taxation, payroll contributions, out-of-pocket expenses, and donor financing.
- Risk Pooling: Spreading financial risks across the population to ensure access, particularly for those facing financial hardship. Examples include the Bismarck and Beveridge models.
- Strategic Purchasing: Using pooled funds efficiently to incentivize service providers
WHO Health System Framework
- A framework that shows the interconnectedness of system building blocks and goals/outcomes.
- System building blocks include leadership/governance, health care financing, health workforce, medical products/technologies, information and research, and service delivery.
- Goals/outcome include improved health (level and equity), responsiveness, financial risk protection, and improved efficiency.
- Quality and safety are crucial aspects to determine the health outcomes.
Health System Building Blocks
- 1. Service Delivery: Timely, quality, and cost-effective personal and non-personal health services
- 2. Health Workforce: Sufficient, competent, and fairly distributed staff to ensure efficiency and responsiveness.
- 3. Health Information Systems: Reliable data on health status, determinants, and system performance for data-driven decision-making.
- 4. Health Products, Vaccines, and Technologies: Accessible health products through managed supply chains and education on proper use.
- 5. Health Financing: Ensures sufficient funds for healthcare services enabling access without financial barriers.
- 6. Leadership and Governance: Effective oversight and regulation ensuring accountability and proper design.
The Philippine Health System
- Historical Background: Health reform initiatives focused on health service delivery, regulation, and financing to address accessibility, equity, and efficiency issues.
- Key initiatives: Adoption of Primary Health Care Strategy, reorganization of the DOH, the Generics Act, Local Government Code, National Health Insurance Act, Health Sector Reform Agenda, and FOURmula One for Health
- Key strategies include focusing on improving care delivery, regulation, and financing for better access.
- Leadership and Governance Overview: DOH mandate, collaboration with LGUs, roles of provincial, city, municipal, and barangay governments, DOH responsibilities; Pre-Devolution (centralized); Post-Devolution (LGU management of basic services).
- Directions of the Philippine Health Sector: Slogan of "All for Health Towards Health For All”; 2020 vision for a healthy Philippines through a UHC approach, aiming for population-level interventions in all life stages for health and wellness.
- The Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022 and other development plans lay out policies for a healthier Philippines.
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Description
This quiz covers the components and functions of health systems, focusing on international, national, and local perspectives. Students will explore the goals of health systems, the relationship between system building blocks and health outcomes, and the structure specific to the Philippine health system.