Philippine Government Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What must a Senator or Member of the House of Representatives do if they hold another government office during their term?

Forfeit their seat (correct)

Retain both positions

Be subject to impeachment

Transfer to the other position

Who constitutes the Electoral Tribunal for the Senate?

Six Members of the Senate elected by the President

Three Justices of the Supreme Court and six Members of the Senate (correct)

Nine Senators elected by popular vote

All Members of the House of Representatives

What is the role of the Commission on Appointments?

To oversee the impeachment process

To appoint members of the Supreme Court

To enact laws regarding government employment

To evaluate and act on appointments submitted to it (correct)

What is the maximum time the Commission on Appointments has to act on submitted appointments?

Thirty session days of Congress Signup and view all the answers

What does Congress do to ensure the spirit of the constitution is upheld?

Create enabling laws Signup and view all the answers

Who serves as the chairman of the Senate Electoral Tribunal?

The senior Justice of the Tribunal Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main documents crafted by the legislative body to create laws?

Bills and resolutions Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a revolutionary social movement from a reformative one?

Revolutionary movements advocate for radical changes. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with social movements?

Institutionalized structures and formal organizations Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a social movement mentioned in Philippine history?

Katipunan Signup and view all the answers

How do alternative social movements primarily function?

Through self-improvement and minor changes Signup and view all the answers

Which function do social movements serve in society?

To empower oppressed populations Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a joint resolution to become law?

Signature of the President and approval from both chambers of Congress Signup and view all the answers

Which type of resolution deals with matters within the prerogative of one chamber of Congress?

Simple resolutions Signup and view all the answers

What power does Congress have concerning the President's actions?

To check presidential power in the declaration of Martial Law Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about concurrent resolutions?

They must be approved in the same form by both houses of Congress. Signup and view all the answers

How long does a proposed law lapse into law if the President does not take action?

30 days Signup and view all the answers

What type of function allows Congress to propose amendments to the Constitution?

Constituent function Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a power exercised by Congress?

To enforce laws against the judiciary Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the role of the Senate in electing its leadership?

It elects its President and does not involve the House. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of simple resolutions?

They are not referred to the President for approval. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum age at which a Chief Justice must retire according to the guidelines provided?

70 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does the Supreme Court NOT have original jurisdiction over?

Criminal cases of all types Signup and view all the answers

How long can judges of lower courts be temporarily assigned to other stations without their consent?

Six months Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum age requirement for a member of the Supreme Court?

40 years Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following powers is NOT authorized for the Supreme Court?

Create laws for the judiciary's operation Signup and view all the answers

Which of these cases is NOT included under the Supreme Court's appellate jurisdiction?

Civil cases with minor penalties Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines the role of the Shari’a Court?

Its jurisdiction includes only Muslim Filipinos. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Supreme Court in relation to constitutional rights?

To ensure protection and enforce constitutional rights Signup and view all the answers

What must a candidate have done for at least fifteen years before being appointed to the Supreme Court?

Been a judge or practiced law Signup and view all the answers

Who appoints the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?

The President Signup and view all the answers

What is deconcentration in the context of decentralization?

The redistribution of administrative responsibilities within the central government Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes devolution?

The transfer of specific functions to local government units from central authority Signup and view all the answers

What does the establishment of parastatal organizations entail?

Delegation of decision-making authority to non-central bodies Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is an example of transfer of functions from government to nongovernment institutions?

Philippine Red Cross Signup and view all the answers

How does decentralization enhance democracy?

By enhancing local participation, thus strengthening democratic processes Signup and view all the answers

What major role does a Local Government Unit (LGU) NOT play?

International diplomatic relations Signup and view all the answers

During which historical period did a centralized system of governance first emerge in the Philippines?

During the Spanish colonial era Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the role of barangays in the context of Philippine governance?

Barangays have historically served as the most basic administrative units Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant feature of the relationship between decentralization and democratization?

Decentralization reinforces democratic systems by promoting local participation Signup and view all the answers

What is one outcome of effective decentralization?

Empowerment of local government units through autonomy Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Executive

The Philippines has a presidential, unitary, and republican system of government
Under the Presidential system, the executive, legislative, and judiciary branches are separate and distinct from each other
The separation of powers ensures that no one branch abuses its power, this is known as the doctrine of checks and balances
Executive power is the power to implement laws in a country. This branch ensures the proper execution of laws.
Section 1: The executive power is vested in the President of the Philippines
Presidential qualifications: Natural-born citizen, registered voter, able to read and write, at least 40 years old at the time of election, a resident of the Philippines for at least 10 years immediately preceding election.
Vice Presidential Qualifications: Natural born citizen, registered voter, able to read and write, at least 40 years old at the time of election, a resident of the Philippines for at least 10 years immediately preceding election.
Presidential election: The candidate with the highest number of votes wins
Terms of Office: President & Vice President: 6 years, president not eligible for reelection, vice president not eligible for two successive terms
Section 7: The President-elect and the Vice President-elect assume office at the beginning of their terms. If the President-elect fails to qualify, the Vice President-elect acts as President until the President-elect qualifies.
If the President-elect dies or becomes disabled, the Vice President-elect becomes President
If both President- and Vice President-elect are unable, the President of the Senate acts until a new President or Vice President is chosen
Congress creates the law for selection of acting President
Congress will create the law by which a person is selected if the President or Vice-President cannot fulfill their role.
Section 8: In case of death, permanent disability, removal from office or resignation of the President, the Vice-President shall become the President to serve until the end of the unexpired term; in case of disability of both, the President of the Senate or Speaker of the House of Representatives shall be Acting President until a new official is elected and qualified
Congress shall create the law to specify who will act as President in the case of the death, permanent disability, or resignation of the Acting President
Section 9: If a vacancy in the Vice-President position arises during their term, the President nominates a new Vice-President from members of the Senate and the House of Representatives
Confirmation is done with majority vote of all members of both houses. Section 10: If there is a vacancy in the offices of the President and Vice-President, Congress must convene within 3 days then enact a law for a special election to be held within 45-60 days.
Section 11: If the President declares inability, the Vice President will act as the Acting President, until such time the President delivers a written declaration to the contrary.
The bill for a special election is deemed certified under a specific section of the constitution
If a majority of the cabinet members deems the President unable to fulfill their duties, then the Vice President assumes the powers and duties as Acting President.

Executive Power

Powers of the President over executive departments, bureaus, and offices
Power of general supervision over the local government and autonomous regions
Power to nominate, appoint and remove officials
Budgetary and fiscal power
Military power (Commander-in-Chief of the AFP)
Power to contract or guarantee foreign loans
Pardoning power
Power to check other branches of the government
Cabinet Secretaries act as the President's alter ego and execute the Office of power, responsible for their respective departments.
Number of cabinet secretaries varies depending on the needs of the administration.
The President can create or dissolve departments as needed

Appointment of Cabinet Secretaries

Appointments to executive departments are made by the President with the consent of the Commission on Appointments.
Names of nominees are submitted for consideration. Specified government officials require approval by the Commission on Appointments before assuming official responsibilities.

Powers of a Cabinet Secretary

Cabinet secretaries act as the alter ego of the President in their respective departments
They possess the power to issue directives related to their departments
Orders only apply to offices under a specific department
Cabinet secretaries advise the President on issues relating to their departments

The Legislative

(Article VI of the 1987 Philippine Constitution)
The Legislative branch creates the law of the country
The legislative power is vested in the Congress of the Philippines, comprising the Senate and the House of Representatives
There are 24 senators
All proposed bills require the President's signature to become law
The legislative branch proposes bills that can be enacted into law

The Legislative Process

The legislative process involves proposing, enacting, and repealing laws.
The process is guided by specific rules and procedures
There are different types of resolutions: joint, concurrent, and simple

Legislative Process (Steps)

Proposals
First reading in the House of Representatives, then in the Senate
Committee Consideration (House and Senate, where public hearings can be conducted)
Calendaring for second reading
Second reading in the House of Representatives, then in the Senate
Voting on Second Reading
Conference Committee action
Third Reading in both Houses (House of Representatives and Senate)
Transmittal to the President
Presidential Action

The Judicial Branch

The judicial branch is the system of courts that interpret and apply the law
It provides mechanisms for dispute resolution
The judicial power is vested in one supreme court and in such lower courts
The court has the duty to settle disputes over legally enforceable rights.
The judges have the central function to adjudicate and interpret the law
It includes reviewing the constitutionality of laws

Judicial Branch Characteristics/Powers

Independent, coordinate, and coequal branch of government
Creation of judicial and bar council
Expanded power of judicial review
Fiscal Autonomy of the Judiciary
Power to review proclamations or martial law and the suspension of habeas corpus
Security of Tenure for Judges
The Supreme Court as judge in presidential elections
The structure includes the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals and lower courts

Structure, Composition, and Function of the Judiciary

The Philippine judiciary comprises regular courts assigned to administer justice
Regular courts are categorized into review courts (Supreme Court, Court of Appeals) and trial courts (Regional Trial Courts, Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts)

The Supreme Court

Highest court in the Philippines, consisting of 14 Associate Justices and 1 Chief Justice
Appointees by the President based on nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council
Retirement age: 70; no term limit
Original and appellate jurisdiction over various types of cases
Administrative supervision over all lower courts and personnel

Court of Appeals

Second highest judicial court in the Philippines Consists of 68 Associate Justices and one presiding judge.
Appointed by the President; specified requirements apply to judges

Court of Tax Appeals

Exclusive appellate jurisdiction over all tax cases, both civil and criminal in nature

Shari'a Court

The Shari'a Court has jurisdiction over cases that concern Muslim Filipinos
It has similar functions to regular courts but adheres to specific limits

Local Government Units

In unitary systems, the national government possesses substantial control over local affairs
Local governments are responsible for providing various services, including infrastructure and civic projects and implement national policies

Decentralization

Involves transferring planning, decision-making, administrative authority from the central government to local units
Includes deconcentration, parastatal organizations, devolution and transfer of function
Major roles of local government include managing the environment, economic development, and educational development of the community.

Highly Urbanized Cities in the Philippines

Minimum population of 200,000 inhabitants and annual income of 50 million pesos
Specific list of cities are provided.

Local Government Revenue Sources

Local government units create their own sources of revenue via levying taxes, business permits, and franchise fees

Nature of Elections and Political Parties

Elections are used to selecting political leaders, shaping the government, providing representation, and contributing to political legitimacy.
Political parties serve as channels through which citizens demand are channeled to government
Political party functions include representing interests, forming and recruiting elites, formulating goals, articulating and aggregating interests, socializing and mobilizing, and organizing government structures

Civil Society

Included in the third sector of society; civil society organizations and non-governmental organizations
Civil society organizations operate independently from government but intersect with the government's role in the economy
Successful civil societies are independent from the state and the market, and developed using endogenous and autonomous processes

Role of Civil Society in Good Governance

Key agent in policy analysis and advocacy
Regulates and monitors the actions of government officials and their performance
Exposes corrupt conduct in governance and raises concerns about policy implementation
Organize public forums for policy debate
Builds social capital and enables citizens to articulate beliefs and values
Mobilizes particular social constituencies
Participates in developmental processes and activities
NGOs provide service, humanitarian support, monitor policies and encourage citizens' engagement in government through information dissemination

A social movement is a loosely organized effort by a larger group of people to actively resist or promote change

Alternative (Individual level, minor change)
Redemptive (Individual level, radical change)
Reformative (Broader group, minor change)
Revolutionary (Broader group, radical change)

Katipunan
Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)
Hukbalahap

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Description

Test your knowledge on the Philippine government structure, including the roles of senators, the Electoral Tribunal, and social movements. This quiz covers important aspects of legislation, appointments, and the function of social movements in society.