Philippine Congress and Legislative Powers
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Questions and Answers

What authority does Congress have in terms of appropriations?

  • To allocate tax money for public spending (correct)
  • To enforce martial law
  • To determine the legislative agenda
  • To appoint governors
  • Which body has the exclusive right to initiate impeachment cases?

  • House of Senate
  • Executive Branch
  • House of Representatives (correct)
  • Supreme Court
  • What is required for Congress to declare the existence of war?

  • Majority vote in the Senate
  • Two-thirds vote of both houses in joint session (correct)
  • Majority vote in the House of Representatives
  • Approval from the President
  • Which power allows Congress to amend or repeal laws?

    <p>Constitutional Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What power is described as the authority to ratify treaties and international agreements?

    <p>Constitutional Powers related to public international law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum age requirement for a Representative in the Philippines on the day of the election?

    <p>25 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a qualification for a Senator?

    <p>Resident of the Philippines for less than 2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the term of office for a Senator in the Philippines?

    <p>6 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total number of representatives in the House of Representatives does the party-list representatives constitute?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a bill before it becomes a law?

    <p>To be approved by Congress and the President</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary legislative body in the Philippines comprised of both a Senate and a House of Representatives?

    <p>The Congress of the Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many members are there in the Senate of the Philippines?

    <p>24 members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the House of Representatives achieve to overturn a presidential veto?

    <p>2/3rds vote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a listed advantage of bicameralism?

    <p>It guarantees quick law-making processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the qualifications for citizenship?

    <p>Citizenship can be acquired either by birth or naturalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which session of Congress is held to consider specific subjects or legislation as designated?

    <p>Special Sessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does legislative power enable Congress to do?

    <p>Enact laws as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a disadvantage of bicameralism?

    <p>It often leads to duplication of legislative efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a bicameral legislature?

    <p>To provide checks and balances in the legislative process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a composition of the House of Representatives in the Philippines?

    <p>250 members representing districts and party-list</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant criticism mentioned regarding bicameralism?

    <p>It may lead to serious deadlocks in legislation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the three branches of government as described in the content?

    <p>To make, enforce, and interpret laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many readings must a bill pass on separate days before it becomes law, as stated in the content?

    <p>Three readings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must occur after the final reading of a bill according to the described process?

    <p>A vote must be taken immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a bill to pass if it doesn't meet the standard procedure due to an emergency?

    <p>Presidential certification of necessity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the President vetoes a bill?

    <p>It returns to the originating House with objections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the subject of a bill?

    <p>Every bill must embrace only one subject expressed in its title</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the bicameral committee play in the legislative process?

    <p>It reviews and reconciles differences between House and Senate versions of a bill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for members of Congress concerning printed copies of a bill before its passage?

    <p>They must receive printed copies 3 days before its passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action can Congress take to counter a presidential veto?

    <p>Override the veto with a two-thirds vote in both houses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the executive branch influence the legislative branch?

    <p>By vetoing Congress laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What authority does the legislative branch have over judicial nominations?

    <p>To reject judicial nominations made by the president</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one power the judiciary has over legislative actions?

    <p>To declare laws unconstitutional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a responsibility of the Chief Justice in the context of impeachment?

    <p>Preside over impeachment trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a bill to become law after being vetoed by the President?

    <p>Reconsideration and approval by two-thirds of both Houses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

    <p>To guarantee civil liberties and limit state power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle of separation of powers aim to prevent?

    <p>Abuse of power by any one branch of government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions can the Legislative branch take against the Executive?

    <p>Impeach the President</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the President communicate a veto to the originating House?

    <p>By submitting a veto message within thirty days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a Presidential form of government?

    <p>Separation of powers and checks and balances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of checks and balances, who can recommend appointments of judges?

    <p>Both the Executive and Legislative branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines the voting process in Congress for bills?

    <p>Votes are recorded as yeas or nays with names entered in the Journal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Legislative Power and the Philippine Legislature

    • The Philippine Legislature is bicameral, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives (with district and party-list).
    • The legislative power is vested in the Congress of the Philippines.
    • Congress is tasked by the Constitution to enact laws.
    • The Constitution grants Congress the authority to propose, make, amend, and repeal laws as needed.
    • Laws need to keep pace with current times. A law may be legal but not necessarily just if social or economic conditions change.
    • Law is defined as written enactments by the legislature to regulate relationships between people or individuals and the government.

    Structure and Composition

    • The Philippine Legislature is bicameral.
    • The Senate consists of 24 members.
    • The House of Representatives has 250 members.
    • Members are elected by qualified voters.

    Advantages of Bicameralism

    • A second chamber acts as a check on hasty or poorly considered legislation.
    • It serves as training for future leaders.
    • It provides for representation of both regional and national interests.
    • It is less susceptible to bribery and influence from large interests.

    Disadvantages of Bicameralism

    • It has not effectively acted as a check on legislation.
    • It doesn't guarantee better, more considered legislation.
    • It leads to duplication of effort and legislative gridlock.
    • Maintaining a bicameral system is more expensive.
    • High senatorial election costs empower wealthy candidates.

    Powers of Congress

    • Appropriation
    • Taxation
    • Revoke or extend suspension of habeas corpus
    • Declare war
    • Legislative investigation
    • Concur in presidential amnesties
    • Remove impeachable officials
    • Act as Board of Canvassers in Presidential Elections
    • Confirm presidential appointments and nominations

    Classification of Powers

    General Legislative Power

    • The power to enact laws.
    • The rules of conduct governing relationships among individuals and the state.

    Specific Powers

    • Choosing the President in case of a tie.
    • Confirming presidential appointments.
    • Declaring war.
    • Imposing taxes.
    • Appropriating funds.
    • Acting as a constituent assembly.

    Implied Powers

    • Conducting inquiries and investigations to aid in legislation.
    • Punishing contempt.
    • Determining its own rules of procedure.

    Inherent Powers

    • Power of taxation
    • Power of eminent domain
    • Police Power

    Power of Taxation

    • The 1987 Philippine Constitution mandates uniform and equitable taxation.
    • Congress must establish a progressive system of taxation.
    • The system should be based on the taxpayer's ability to pay.

    "Eminent Domain"

    • Also known as condemnation.
    • The power of local, state, or federal government entities to take private property for public use.
    • This must be accompanied by just compensation.
    • The government can exercise power even if the owner does not wish to sell.

    Police Power

    • The government can restrict or infringe upon property rights to protect the public welfare.

    A. Constitutional Powers

    • Enacting laws
    • Amending/repealing laws
    • Revoking/extending martial law
    • Confirming appointments
    • Concurring in amnesty proclamations
    • Appropriations
    • Taxation
    • Impeachment
    • Legislative inquiry
    • Declaring war

    Power of Appropriation

    • The power of the purse or spending power.
    • Allocating tax money for public spending.
    • The authority to appropriate funds.

    Power to Declare the Existence of War

    • Requires a two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress.
    • Voting must take place separately in each house.

    Power to Remove Impeachable Officials

    • House of Representatives has exclusive right to initiate impeachment proceedings.
    • House of Senate has sole authority to try and decide all cases of impeachment.

    B. Electoral Powers

    • Power to canvass and proclaim results of Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections.
    • Power to Call special elections
    • Power to ratify treaties and international agreements

    D. Concurrent and Implied Powers

    • Power to delegate
    • Police Power
    • Power to define and punish crimes

    Qualifications of Members of Congress

    Qualifications of a Senator

    • Natural-born citizen of the Philippines.
    • At least 35 years of age.
    • Able to read and write.
    • Registered voter.
    • Resident of the Philippines for at least two years.

    Qualifications of a Representative

    • Natural-born citizen of the Philippines.
    • At least 25 years of age.
    • Able to read and write.
    • Registered voter in a district.
    • Resident of the Philippines for at least one year (except for party-list representatives).

    Modes of Acquiring Citizenship

    • By birth (Jus Sanguinis and Jus Soli)
    • Involuntary
    • Voluntary

    Term of Office

    • Senator: 6 years, 2 consecutive terms.
    • Representative: 3 years, 3 consecutive terms.

    Party-List Representatives

    • 20% of total representatives.

    Sessions of Congress

    • Regular Sessions: convene once per year on the 4th Monday of July, to legislate on any matters that are deemed fit.
    • Special Sessions: may be called to consider specific legislative issues.
    • Executive Meetings: include secret meetings, possibly for security discussions.

    Quorum

    • The minimum number of members required for an assembly/collective body to legally conduct business, including passing and voting on laws.

    How a Bill Becomes a Law

    • Refer to the text book for page numbers 208-300

    What is a Bill?

    • Proposed laws.
    • Approved by Congress and the President are enacted into law, statutes
    • Presidents can veto a bill; the House of Representatives can override with a two-thirds vote.
    • Legislation's most basic form is proposed by an individual or group of individuals involved with the legislation.

    How a Bill Becomes a Law (U.S. System)

    • Filing/Calendaring for First Reading.
    • First Reading.
    • Committee Hearings/Reports.
    • Second Reading.
    • Voting on Second Reading
    • Voting on Third Reading.
    • At the House of Representatives (followed the same procedure).
    • Submission to Malacanan

    How a Bill Becomes Law (Philippine System)

    • First Reading.
    • Referral to appropriate committee.
    • Second Reading.
    • Hearing and Debate.
    • Printing and distribution.
    • Referral to the other house.
    • Submission to joint bicameral committee.
    • Third Reading.
    • Submission to President.

    Bills in general vs. Bill of Rights

    • Bills: Proposed legislation from the Legislative department.
    • Bill of Rights: Guarantees of civil liberties, a check on state power

    Principle of Checks and Balances

    • This ensures that government power doesn't concentrate in one single branch.

    3 Branches of the Philippine Government

    • Legislative (Congress)
    • Executive (President and Cabinet)
    • Judicial (Supreme Court and other courts)

    Presidential Form of Government

    • Adherence to the principle of separation of powers.
    • System of checks and balances in place.

    Doctrine of Separation of Powers

    • A system designed to prevent concentration of power.
    • Avoids abuse of power.
    • Distributes power across three distinct branches.
    • Promotes efficiency

    Separation of Powers

    • Balance of government power: intellect (legislative), will (executive), conscience (judicial).

    Role of the Judiciary in the Separation of Powers

    • Legislative to Executive
    • Executive to Legislative
    • Legislative to Judicial
    • Judicial to Legislative
    • Judicial to Executive

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the Philippine Congress, its powers, and legislative processes. This quiz covers topics such as appropriations, impeachment, and the qualifications for representatives and senators. Brush up on your understanding of the legislative framework in the Philippines.

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