Philippine Clean Air Act Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is produced as a natural by-product of complete combustion in all internal combustion engines?

Carbon Monoxide

Hydrocarbons

Sulfur Dioxide

Water (correct)

Which type of emissions is primarily formed during the incomplete combustion of carbon and oxygen?

Nitrogen Oxides

Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Monoxide (correct)

Particulates

Which gas is known to be a product of the burning of coal and oil, contributing significantly to air pollution?

Nitric Oxide

Hydrocarbons

Sulfur Dioxide (correct)

Carbon Dioxide

What is the role of the emission control system in vehicles?

Minimize emission pollutants Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as particulate matter in emissions?

Lead in Exhaust Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is commonly referred to as NOx, a group that includes hazardous oxides of nitrogen?

Oxides of Nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

What design aspect of the combustion chamber affects the combustion process and emission levels?

Spark plug position Signup and view all the answers

Which type of smog is caused by large amounts of coal burning in an area?

Classic Smog Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999?

To achieve and maintain healthy air for Filipinos Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a right of citizens under the Clean Air Act?

The right to economic compensation for pollution Signup and view all the answers

Which type of source is associated with vehicles according to the Clean Air Act?

Mobile sources Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the Philippine Clean Air Act approved?

1999 Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes the responsibility of local government units in addressing environmental issues?

Recognition of local responsibility Signup and view all the answers

How many chapters are contained in the Philippine Clean Air Act?

7 chapters Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a point source of emission?

A factory smokestack Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the right to bring action in court under the Clean Air Act?

To address violations of environmental laws Signup and view all the answers

What is the main greenhouse gas produced by motor vehicles?

Carbon dioxide (CO2) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended action for vehicle owners to help clean the air?

Drive at speeds exceeding traffic regulations Signup and view all the answers

Which group of people is especially vulnerable to air pollution?

Individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions Signup and view all the answers

What type of emissions can cause smog and adversely affect human health?

Air pollutant emissions Signup and view all the answers

What does EPA require before a vehicle can be sold?

Power train to pass an emission test Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an action that individuals can take at home to help clean the air?

Use low watt bulbs or energy saving lights Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of burning garbage on air quality?

Adversely affects air quality Signup and view all the answers

What type of emissions are classified as man-made?

Automotive emissions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) system?

To prevent hydrocarbons from being expelled into the environment Signup and view all the answers

How does the Evaporative Control System eliminate fuel vapors?

By storing vapors in a canister until they are needed Signup and view all the answers

Which component regulates the operation of the Positive Crankcase Ventilation system?

PCV valve Signup and view all the answers

What gases are referred to as 'blow-by' in the context of the PCV system?

Gases that leak past piston rings Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main types of emissions controlled by the EVAP system?

Hydrocarbons from the fuel tank Signup and view all the answers

What was the original purpose of the Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) system?

To enable engine operation underwater Signup and view all the answers

When does the PCM open the purge valve in the EVAP system?

When the engine is warm and the vehicle is in motion Signup and view all the answers

What prevents older vehicles from releasing gases into the atmosphere directly?

PCV valve technology Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system?

To reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions Signup and view all the answers

How does the EGR system reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions?

By lowering combustion temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the EGR valve within the EGR system?

To regulate the flow of exhaust gases back to the engine Signup and view all the answers

What does the Secondary Injection System primarily aim to limit?

Hydrocarbon release during cold operation Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism does the Secondary Injection System use to enhance combustion?

Pumping outside air into the exhaust stream Signup and view all the answers

When was the Secondary Injection System first introduced as a vehicle emissions control strategy?

1966 Signup and view all the answers

What newer technology do aspirated Secondary Injection Systems utilize?

Electric motors for air pumping Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical need for the operation of a catalytic converter in relation to exhaust systems?

Full secondary combustion of exhaust gases Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act No. 8749)

Aims to provide a comprehensive policy for controlling air pollution.
Approved on June 23, 1999.
Contains 7 chapters and 56 sections.
Includes the right to breathe clean air for all citizens.
Emphasizes sustainable development in the utilization of natural resources.

Covered by the Clean Air Act

Mobile sources include cars, trucks, buses, jeepneys, tricycles, motorcycles, and vans.
Point sources include industrial firms, smokestacks from power plants, hotels, and other establishments.
Area sources include smoking, burning garbage, and dust from construction.

Vehicle Emission and Their Effect on the Environment

Air pollutants can impact human health, especially the cardio-respiratory system.
Those with pre-existing respiratory conditions are particularly vulnerable.
Two types of emissions impact the environment: greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutant emissions.
Greenhouse gas emissions, like carbon dioxide (CO2), trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to climate change.
Air pollutant emissions can cause smog and adversely affect human health.

Composition of Air

Natural
Man-made
Automotive emissions: by-products of combustion from exhaust systems

Regulated Emissions

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires controlled emissions.
Vehicles must pass emissions testing before being sold.
Tests determine the emission output based on vehicle year, make, model, and drive train.
Emissions are measured in k/ms or g/mi.

Types of Emissions

Water:
- Natural by-product of complete combustion.
- Formed in all internal combustion engines.
- Discharged through the exhaust system.
Carbon Dioxide:
- By-product of complete combustion.
- Inside catalytic converters.
- Emitted by diesel, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), propane, compressed natural gas (CNG), and other carbon-based fuels.
Hydrocarbons:
- Petrol, diesel, LPG, natural gas.
- Unburned fuel that escapes into the atmosphere.
- Needs to evaporate easily to mix with air and burn properly.
Carbon Monoxide:
- Colorless, odorless, tasteless, flammable, and highly toxic.
- Product of incomplete combustion of carbon and oxygen.
Oxides of Nitrogen:
- Group of gases and compounds composed of nitrogen and oxygen, collectively known as NOx gases.
- The most common and hazardous are nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide.
Sulfur Dioxide:
- Colorless gas with a strong odor, similar to a just-struck match.
- Formed when fuel containing sulfur, such as coal and oil, is burned.
- Most sulfur dioxide air pollution comes from burning coal and oil in power plants.
Lead in Exhaust
Particulates:
- Sum of all solid and liquid particles suspended in air, many of which are hazardous.
Smog:
- Air pollution caused by the mixture of smoke and fog.
- Classic smog results from coal burning.
- Photochemical smog, formed by chemical reactions, was first described in the 1950s.

Combustion

Emissions are by-products of combustion.
Controlling combustion minimizes emissions.
Fuel must evaporate fully and mix with air to burn efficiently.

Combustion Chamber Design

Affects combustion process.
Combustion flame can be quenched by low surface temperatures.
Unburned fuel is exhausted as hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide emissions.
Spark plug position affects the even travel of flame.
Gas flow rate affects the ability of air to hold fuel.

Emission Control Systems

Various types of emission control systems are effective in minimizing emission pollutants.
Emission system reduces harmful gases created by vehicles.
Works with the exhaust system to minimize pollutants and keep engine operation quiet, efficient, and clean.

Types of Emission Control System

Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System:
- Stops the release of hydrocarbons from the crankcase.
- Combustion gases leak past piston rings into the crankcase.
- PCV system operation is regulated by a PCV valve.
- Modern vehicles use the PCV system to remove gases and burn them in the inlet manifold.
Evaporative Control (EVAP) System:
- Stops the release of hydrocarbons from the fuel tank.
- Totally eliminates fuel vapors as a source of air pollution by sealing the fuel system from the atmosphere.
- Vent lines from the fuel tank and carburetor bowl route vapors to an EVAP storage canister, where they are trapped and stored until the engine starts.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System:
- Controls the release of oxides of nitrogen by controlling combustion temperature.
- EGR works by recirculating a portion of the engine's exhaust gas back through the intake manifold.
- This process reduces nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions by reducing the temperature of combustion.
Secondary Injection System:
- Limits hydrocarbon release during cold operation.
- Injects air into the exhaust stream to mix with hydrocarbons and aid in the conversion process.
- Secondary air injection pumps outside air into the exhaust stream so unburned fuel can be burned.
Catalytic Converter:
- Reduces harmful emissions from the exhaust, converting them into less harmful substances.
- Uses a catalyst to convert carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides into carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen.
- Essential for reducing air pollution.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999, also known as Republic Act No. 8749. This quiz covers its objectives, covered sources of air pollution, and the impact of vehicle emissions on the environment. Learn about sustainable development and the right to clean air for all citizens.