Philippine Arts: Medium and Techniques

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Questions and Answers

What are the two main features of art discussed in the content?

Medium and technique

Which of the following is not listed as a form of multimedia art?

Dance

Graphics

Sound

Painting (correct)

Weaving includes forms such as palaspas, basketry, and banig.

True

What are some materials that can be used in handmade paper production?

Cogon grass, natural fibers, salago bark, abaca bark, banana and pineapple fibers Signup and view all the answers

What type of construction relies on the sheer weight of the building to support itself?

Load-bearing Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic method of creating a sculpture through the use of clay?

Modelling or addition Signup and view all the answers

Papier mache refers to the substance made of _____ glued and pressed together.

sheets of paper Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves assembling parts using adhesion or welding to create a sculpture?

Construction Signup and view all the answers

What architectural feature is described as a roof structure whose strength and stiffness come from folded geometry?

Folded plate Signup and view all the answers

What are medium and technique in the context of art?

Medium refers to the substance or materials used in creating art, while technique describes the skillful manipulation of that medium. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials can be used in painting?

Acrylic Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Philippine art forms with their corresponding techniques or materials:

Painting = Common paint, squid ink, brushes Sculpture = Carving, modelling, construction Weaving = Palaspas, basketry, banig Paper Craft = Handmade paper, papier mache Signup and view all the answers

What is one method of creating sculptures?

Welding Signup and view all the answers

Palaspas is a form of sculpture.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is papier mache?

Papier mache refers to the substance made of pulp of sheets of paper glued and pressed together to form a 3D object. Signup and view all the answers

Load-bearing construction relies on the sheer weight of the building to support itself by using _____.

thick walls Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of multimedia art?

Combination of visual and non-visual elements Signup and view all the answers

What is a cantilever used for in architecture?

A cantilever is a horizontal member projecting beyond its support, often used to prevent obstruction of movement beneath them. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medium and Technique

Medium refers to the material used in art.
Technique refers to the skillful manipulation of the medium.

Materials and Techniques in Philippine Arts

Painting: Artists may use common paints (acrylic, oil, watercolor, tempera, enamel, latex) but other materials can also be used for pigments, such as coffee grounds, squid ink, etc. Tools varied, they can be made of synthetic materials, animal feathers, bamboo, or twigs.
Sculpture: Basic methods of sculpting include:
- Modeling/Addition: Using clay
- Subtraction: Carving hard materials like stone or wood
- Construction: Assembling parts by adhesion or welding
Weaving:
- Palaspas
- Basketry
- Banig
Paper Craft:
- Handmade paper can be produced from natural fibers like cogon grass, salago bark, abaca bark, banana, and pineapple.
- Papier mache involves using pulp of paper glued and pressed together while moist, then molded to form a 3D object.
- Paper cutting art (pastillas pabalat art) originated in San Miguel, Bulacan where carabao milk candies are made.

Architectural Techniques

Load-bearing construction: Uses the weight of the building, thick walls (e.g. Ivatan houses)
Post-and-lintel construction: Uses horizontal beams (lintels) supported by vertical posts (columns) (e.g. bahay na bato, bahay kubo)
Arches, vaulting, and domes: Masonry constructions made of stone or brick arranged in a curved pattern for wider spans (e.g., Churches)
Thin shell: 3D curved plates of reinforced concrete, thin compared to its load-carrying behavior. Determined by geometry, support, and load (e.g. Church of the Holy Sacrifice at UP Diliman).
Folded plates: Roof structures where strength and stiffness are from pleated or folded geometry.
Cantilever: Horizontal member projecting beyond its support, creating an overhang. Used in entrances and waiting areas.

Multimedia Art

A combination of visual and non-visual elements: sound, motion, literature, drama, dance, graphics, music, performance, situations.
Computer-controlled Integration of text, graphics, drawings, still and moving images, animation, audio, and other media.

Installation Art

Everyday and natural materials are used in the creation of installation art.

Medium and Technique in Art

The physical form of an artwork, known as medium, describes the substance or material manipulated by the artist.
Technique refers to the skillful manipulation of the medium, highlighting the artist's expertise.

Philippines Arts: Commonly Used Materials and Techniques

Painting:
- Acrylic, oil, watercolor, tempera, enamel, and latex are common paints used.
- Artists may incorporate natural pigments like coffee grounds (where coffee is abundant) or squid ink (for those near the sea).
- Tools can encompass various forms, from synthetic brushes to animal feathers, bamboos, and twigs.
- Rather than stretching canvases onto frames, some artists create tapestries by sewing the canvas edges, adding a unique dimension.
Sculpture:
- Modeling or addition: This involves using clay as the primary material.
- Subtraction: This method focuses on carving hard materials like stone or wood.
- Construction: Assembling parts through adhesion or welding forms the basis of this technique.
Weaving:
- Traditional Filipino weaving techniques include:
  - Palaspas
  - Basketry
  - Banig
Paper Craft:
- Handmade paper can be produced using natural fibers like cogon grass, salago bark, abaca bark, and fibers from banana and pineapple.
- Papier mache is a versatile medium created by gluing and pressing sheets of paper together and molding them into a 3D object while moist.
- Paper cutting art (pastillas pabalat art) originated in San Miguel, Bulacan, where carabao milk candies are made.
Architecture:
- Load-bearing construction: Relies on the weight of the building itself to support itself, often using thick walls, as seen in Ivatan houses.
- Post-and-lintel construction: Uses horizontal beams (lintels) supported by vertical posts (columns), exemplified in the bahay na bato, bahay na kahoy, and bahay kubo.
- Arches, vaulting, and domes: Made of segments or blocks of stone or brick arranged in a curved pattern, enabling larger spans in buildings.
- Thin shell: A 3D curved plate structure of reinforced concrete, whose strength relies on its geometry, support, and applied load. The Church of the Holy Sacrifice at UP Diliman is an example.
- Folded plate: A roof structure deriving its strength and stiffness from its pleated or folded geometry.
- Cantilever: A horizontal member extending beyond its support, creating overhangs and preventing obstructions, commonly used in entrances and waiting areas.
Multimedia art:
- A fusion of various elements:
  - Visual: Sound, motion, literature, drama, dance, graphics, music, performance, and situation.
  - Non-Visual: It can incorporate computer-controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, still and moving images, animation, audio, and other media.
Installation art:
- Uses everyday objects and natural materials to create immersive and site-specific art experiences.

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Description

Explore the diverse materials and techniques used in Philippine arts, including painting, sculpture, weaving, and paper craft. This quiz covers various mediums like acrylic paints, clay, and natural fibers, as well as the skillful techniques artists use to manipulate them. Test your knowledge and appreciation for the rich artistic heritage of the Philippines.