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Questions and Answers
What was the goal of the United States towards the Philippines after winning the war?
What was the goal of the United States towards the Philippines after winning the war?
The United States intended to occupy the Philippines with the least violence and to govern the country with much regard for the interest and welfare of the Filipinos.
What is the term used for the American tactic of forcibly relocating Filipinos to designated areas, often leading to severe hardships and suffering?
What is the term used for the American tactic of forcibly relocating Filipinos to designated areas, often leading to severe hardships and suffering?
Reconcentration
What act was passed by the Americans in an attempt to suppress the Filipino rebellion and establish control over the islands?
What act was passed by the Americans in an attempt to suppress the Filipino rebellion and establish control over the islands?
Brigandage Act
Which event marked the beginning of the Philippine-American War?
Which event marked the beginning of the Philippine-American War?
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The Filipinos were completely defeated in the Battle of La Loma against the Americans.
The Filipinos were completely defeated in the Battle of La Loma against the Americans.
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What strategy did the Filipinos adopt after suffering heavy casualties due to the American campaign?
What strategy did the Filipinos adopt after suffering heavy casualties due to the American campaign?
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Which of the following individuals was a staunch advocate for complete Philippine independence and refused to accept any form of autonomy offered by the Americans?
Which of the following individuals was a staunch advocate for complete Philippine independence and refused to accept any form of autonomy offered by the Americans?
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Who was the leader of the Visayan Islands and led the resistance against the Americans in Iloilo?
Who was the leader of the Visayan Islands and led the resistance against the Americans in Iloilo?
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Which of the following events led to the death of a significant number of Tausugs?
Which of the following events led to the death of a significant number of Tausugs?
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What is the name of the treaty that was signed between the U.S. and the Sultan of Jolo, outlining the American control over the Sulu Archipelago?
What is the name of the treaty that was signed between the U.S. and the Sultan of Jolo, outlining the American control over the Sulu Archipelago?
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What major event marked the end of the Philippine-American War and the collapse of the Filipino resistance?
What major event marked the end of the Philippine-American War and the collapse of the Filipino resistance?
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What is the name of the Filipino-led church that emerged as a result of the Filipino clergy's struggle for autonomy and independence from the Roman Catholic Church?
What is the name of the Filipino-led church that emerged as a result of the Filipino clergy's struggle for autonomy and independence from the Roman Catholic Church?
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What is the main point of the article regarding the impact of the Philippine-American War on the Filipino people?
What is the main point of the article regarding the impact of the Philippine-American War on the Filipino people?
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Study Notes
Philippine-American War (1899-1902)
- The Americans encountered more resistance than expected.
- Filipinos, though lacking weapons, fought valiantly.
- Mariano Santos, a veteran, highlighted that the Americans brought everything except water and land.
- Colonial motivations included; economic (markets), politico-military (base), and religious (missions).
- Filipinos used guerilla warfare to resist.
- The U.S. responded with repressive tactics like water torture, reconcentration, and scorched-earth tactics.
"Benevolent Assimilation" Proclamation
- President McKinley initially struggled with the Philippines' disposition.
- Pressure groups representing American business, military, and religious interests influenced McKinley.
- The proclamation formalized the U.S. intention to govern the Philippines.
- The order to extend American sovereignty was enforced by military commanders.
Filipino Reaction
- Filipinos were angered by the proclamation's terms.
- Antonio Luna criticized the proclamation as deceptive.
- Aguinaldo issued a strong proclamation threatening hostilities.
The Shot That Started the War
- Minor incidents escalated with the arrest of American engineers.
- A conflict emerged between Filipino and American troops on February 4, 1899 (initiating the war) after a soldier was shot.
- This event led the U.S. to retaliate with immediate force.
American Drive to the North
- American forces advanced in Luzon, capturing significant areas.
- Major figures like General Luna fought against the Americans.
- This aggressive military conflict was met with various levels of resistance.
- They moved with superior arms to capture towns like La Loma and Caloocan, where Luna faced defeat.
Other Battles and Events
- Filipinos employed guerrilla warfare but faced defeats in battles such as Pasong Tirad.
- The U.S. made various attempts to relax tensions but failed.
- Significant figures were killed, leading eventually to the fall of Aguinaldo's leadership within the campaign.
The Fall of the Mabini Cabinet
- Mabini, the Prime Minister in Aguinaldo's cabinet, was forced out of office.
- The Americans attempted to sway the Filipinos, which caused considerable conflict and dissent within the Philippines.
The Capture of Aguinaldo
- American forces captured Aguinaldo with the assistance of a Spaniard.
- Aguinaldo was brought to Manila and swore allegiance to the U.S. government.
End of Guerra Warfare
- Multiple Filipino generals surrendered, weakening Filipino resistance following Aguinaldo's capture.
Results of the War
- The war caused considerable loss of life and economic hardship to the Filipino population, with estimates of deaths ranging from hundreds of thousands to one million.
- The war resulted in the significant disruption of the Filipino economy and society.
- The Americans took possession of Filipino lands.
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Description
This quiz explores the Philippine-American War, detailing the resistance faced by the Americans, the motivations behind U.S. colonial rule, and the Filipino response to the 'Benevolent Assimilation' proclamation. It highlights significant events and figures that defined this period. Test your knowledge on this crucial chapter of history.
