Philippine-American War Overview

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Questions and Answers

What was the goal of the United States towards the Philippines after winning the war?

The United States intended to occupy the Philippines with the least violence and to govern the country with much regard for the interest and welfare of the Filipinos.

What is the term used for the American tactic of forcibly relocating Filipinos to designated areas, often leading to severe hardships and suffering?

Reconcentration

What act was passed by the Americans in an attempt to suppress the Filipino rebellion and establish control over the islands?

Brigandage Act

Which event marked the beginning of the Philippine-American War?

The shooting of a Filipino soldier by Private Willie W. Grayson on February 4, 1899. Signup and view all the answers

The Filipinos were completely defeated in the Battle of La Loma against the Americans.

True Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did the Filipinos adopt after suffering heavy casualties due to the American campaign?

Guerilla warfare Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals was a staunch advocate for complete Philippine independence and refused to accept any form of autonomy offered by the Americans?

Apolinario Mabini Signup and view all the answers

Who was the leader of the Visayan Islands and led the resistance against the Americans in Iloilo?

General Martin Delgado Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events led to the death of a significant number of Tausugs?

The Massacre at Bud Dajo Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the treaty that was signed between the U.S. and the Sultan of Jolo, outlining the American control over the Sulu Archipelago?

The Kiram-Bates Treaty Signup and view all the answers

What major event marked the end of the Philippine-American War and the collapse of the Filipino resistance?

The capture of Emilio Aguinaldo Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the Filipino-led church that emerged as a result of the Filipino clergy's struggle for autonomy and independence from the Roman Catholic Church?

The Iglesia Filipina Independiente or Aglipayan Church Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of the article regarding the impact of the Philippine-American War on the Filipino people?

The war led to a significant loss of lives and a decrease in economic productivity, greatly impacting the Filipino people. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Philippine-American War (1899-1902)

The Americans encountered more resistance than expected.
Filipinos, though lacking weapons, fought valiantly.
Mariano Santos, a veteran, highlighted that the Americans brought everything except water and land.
Colonial motivations included; economic (markets), politico-military (base), and religious (missions).
Filipinos used guerilla warfare to resist.
The U.S. responded with repressive tactics like water torture, reconcentration, and scorched-earth tactics.

"Benevolent Assimilation" Proclamation

President McKinley initially struggled with the Philippines' disposition.
Pressure groups representing American business, military, and religious interests influenced McKinley.
The proclamation formalized the U.S. intention to govern the Philippines.
The order to extend American sovereignty was enforced by military commanders.

Filipino Reaction

Filipinos were angered by the proclamation's terms.
Antonio Luna criticized the proclamation as deceptive.
Aguinaldo issued a strong proclamation threatening hostilities.

The Shot That Started the War

Minor incidents escalated with the arrest of American engineers.
A conflict emerged between Filipino and American troops on February 4, 1899 (initiating the war) after a soldier was shot.
This event led the U.S. to retaliate with immediate force.

American Drive to the North

American forces advanced in Luzon, capturing significant areas.
Major figures like General Luna fought against the Americans.
This aggressive military conflict was met with various levels of resistance.
They moved with superior arms to capture towns like La Loma and Caloocan, where Luna faced defeat.

Other Battles and Events

Filipinos employed guerrilla warfare but faced defeats in battles such as Pasong Tirad.
The U.S. made various attempts to relax tensions but failed.
Significant figures were killed, leading eventually to the fall of Aguinaldo's leadership within the campaign.

The Fall of the Mabini Cabinet

Mabini, the Prime Minister in Aguinaldo's cabinet, was forced out of office.
The Americans attempted to sway the Filipinos, which caused considerable conflict and dissent within the Philippines.

The Capture of Aguinaldo

American forces captured Aguinaldo with the assistance of a Spaniard.
Aguinaldo was brought to Manila and swore allegiance to the U.S. government.

End of Guerra Warfare

Multiple Filipino generals surrendered, weakening Filipino resistance following Aguinaldo's capture.

Results of the War

The war caused considerable loss of life and economic hardship to the Filipino population, with estimates of deaths ranging from hundreds of thousands to one million.
The war resulted in the significant disruption of the Filipino economy and society.
The Americans took possession of Filipino lands.

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Description

This quiz explores the Philippine-American War, detailing the resistance faced by the Americans, the motivations behind U.S. colonial rule, and the Filipino response to the 'Benevolent Assimilation' proclamation. It highlights significant events and figures that defined this period. Test your knowledge on this crucial chapter of history.