Philippine History: Land and Agrarian Reform Review

A wide variety of programs and measures usually by the government to bring about more effective control and use of land for the benefit of the community.

Land reform, along with measures to modernize agricultural practices and improve the living conditions of everyone within the entire agrarian community. It includes various supports to agricultural education, the establishment of cooperatives; development of institutions to provide agricultural credit and other inputs; processing and marketing of agricultural produce; and establishment of agro-based industries, and others.

The desire to obtain social justice and full development of the dignity of man within given situations of land reform has gained great importance across the years in many countries of the world especially in agricultural countries.

<p>Concentration of landholdings in the hands of the law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feudal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encomiendas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The landowners</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encomenderos</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The malingering problem of land tenure relationships, leading to armed discontent among oppressed tenants of estates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To promote social justice and industrialization, along with providing the mechanism for its implementation and other purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mandated a bicameral legislature, consisting of the Philippine Commission (Upper House) and Philippine Assembly (Lower House).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Spanish land practices that came to a halt with the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution when Spanish land owners started to sell off their lands as brought about by the power shift in government where Spain was on a losing side against the Filipinos who had declared their independence in 1898 and the Americans who were insisting to stay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A million Filipinos trooped to the polls to elect their two highest officials - the President and the Vice President.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social justice program, which aimed at redistributing land and improving workers' rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The orderly settlement of virgin public agricultural lands, with focus on Mindanao under the National Land Settlement Administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social and political reforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open the economy to foreign investment and establish the Program Implementation Agency (PIA) for economic development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presidential Decree No. 27, which aimed to emancipate farmers from the bondage of the soil and abolish leasehold in tenanted rice and corn land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A semi-presidential system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Executive Order No. 405: Vested primary land valuation responsibility in the Land Bank of the Philippines. Executive Order No. 406: Emphasized CARP's central role in countryside development and aligned other agency projects accordingly. Created CARP teams and identified strategic provinces for prioritization. Executive Order No. 407: Directed government instrumentalities and corporations to turn over agriculture-suitable land to DAR for coverage under CARP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of a distinction between public and private interests, shaping social and political systems that were largely controlled by communities based on the control of resources, goods, and trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influential figures known as 'datu' protected communities by controlling goods and wealth. These 'datu' gained influence and power through merit and talent, unlike European dynasties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confiscation of lands and buildings belonging to religious corporations, restoration of these properties to the Filipino state, provisions concerning presidential powers, and the balance of power between executive and legislative branches, along with other key provisions regarding the organization of a democratic government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sinking of the USS Maine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A debate on the loyalty of the middle class to the revolution, raising questions about the middle class's lack of commitment to the cause of independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To modernize the Philippine political system by implementing systems with limited authority and divided power. The key emphasis was on free and fair elections and establishing a representative government based on American principles and experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implementation of a representative system through the establishment of municipal and provincial governments, culminating in the creation of a bicameral legislature consisting of the Philippine Commission (Upper House) and Philippine Assembly (Lower House). The transition to a representative system took place between 1901 and 1907.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A parliamentary system with the President acting as the ceremonial head of state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>President could act as Prime Minister, transforming the system into a semi-presidential one. However, Marcos retained significant executive authority despite the intention to shift to a parliamentary system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish a democratic and republican state where sovereignty resides in the people. It enshrines the principle of separation of powers, recognizing the distinct roles of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. It also grants limited political autonomy to local government units, protects fundamental human rights, and recognizes the family as a key social institution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To raise revenue for public spending, regulate the economy and influence economic activity, promote social objectives such as income redistribution and environmental protection, and stabilize the economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>It must be enforced contribution. 2. It is exacted pursuant to legislative authority. 3. It is levied only upon persons or property within the jurisdiction. 4. It is exacted for public purpose. 5. It must be proportionate, property and proper. 6. It must be levied by a competent authority.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excise tax is levied at a fixed rate upon a specific item while ad valorem tax is levied upon the value of the property.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taxes collected by virtue of the Local Government Code of 1991 (Republic Act No. 7160) and those sourced from the proceeds collected by virtue of a local ordinance.</p> Signup and view all the answers