Phenylketonuria: Genetics and Treatment Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which term describes mutations on different loci but causing the same phenotype?

  • Enzymopathies
  • Aminoacidopathies
  • Modifier genes (correct)
  • Loss of function mutations

What is the main enzyme deficiency associated with Phenylketonuria?

  • Homocystinuria
  • Alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency
  • Loss of I-cell disease
  • Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) (correct)

Which enzyme is responsible for converting phenylalanine to tyrosine?

  • Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)
  • Phenylketonuria
  • Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) (correct)
  • Alpha1 antitrypsin

What is the genetic inheritance pattern of Phenylketonuria?

<p>Autosomal recessive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by the inability to degrade phenylalanine?

<p>Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition was the first recognized genetic cause of mental retardation?

<p>Phenylketonuria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the degradation of biological macromolecules?

<p>Lysosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the lectures in FM2004&PM2004 by Dr. Collette Hand?

<p>Diseases due to mutations in different classes of proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of genetic defects in lysosomal hydrolases?

<p>Cell death (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many single gene disorders currently have unidentified genes according to Dr. Collette Hand's lecture?

<p>Over 3,000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of substrates storage in affected tissues or organs?

<p>Neurodegeneration in the brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of mutation on function by Dr. Collette Hand?

<p>Decrease in expression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which population are compound heterozygotes common according to the text?

<p>Asian descent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which lecture would Dr. Collette Hand most likely discuss diseases related to receptor proteins?

<p>Lecture 2 - Structural proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of early treatment (< 4 weeks) for phenylketonuria?

<p>Effectiveness in preventing seizures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which textbook is specifically mentioned as part of the Genetics lectures in FM2004&PM2004 by Dr. Collette Hand?

<p>Strachan &amp; Read Elements of Genetics in Medicine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the accumulation of substrates impact cellular function according to the text?

<p>Leads to cellular dysfunction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of genes known for various diseases as stated by Dr. Collette Hand in FM2004&PM2004?

<p>~2,000 genes known (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of mucopolysaccharidoses?

<p>Accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in lysosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the different types of mucopolysaccharidoses?

<p>The length of the polysaccharide chains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom associated with Hurler syndrome?

<p>Short stature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are undegraded mucopolysaccharides typically detected in individuals with these disorders?

<p>Detected in urine by screening tests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has shown some success in treating individuals with Hurler syndrome?

<p>Enzyme replacement therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential effects of an enzyme deficiency in a metabolic pathway according to the model described?

<p>Accumulation of the substrate and derivatives, deficiency of the product and compounds made from it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected activity level in heterozygotes for recessive enzyme deficiencies?

<p>~50% activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of enzyme deficiency, what is the difference between diffusible and macromolecular substrates?

<p>Diffusible substrates are distributed throughout the body, while macromolecular substrates accumulate within cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from the loss of multiple enzyme activities in a metabolic pathway?

<p>Phenotypic homology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins are mentioned as part of the next class after Enzymes according to the text provided?

<p>Receptor proteins, Transport proteins, Structural proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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