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Questions and Answers
What is the function of colloidal aluminum silicate in medicinal applications?
What is the function of colloidal aluminum silicate in medicinal applications?
Which cation is recognized for its mood-stabilizing properties?
Which cation is recognized for its mood-stabilizing properties?
Which vitamin is essential for the maximum absorption of calcium?
Which vitamin is essential for the maximum absorption of calcium?
What is the major constituent of bones and teeth?
What is the major constituent of bones and teeth?
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What is the only insoluble salt of potassium?
What is the only insoluble salt of potassium?
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What is one of the uses of potassium chloride?
What is one of the uses of potassium chloride?
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Which potassium compound is used as a diuretic?
Which potassium compound is used as a diuretic?
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What therapeutic effect is associated with potassium nitrite?
What therapeutic effect is associated with potassium nitrite?
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Magnesium sulfate is commonly used as an antidote for what condition?
Magnesium sulfate is commonly used as an antidote for what condition?
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What is the major constituent of bones and teeth that contains calcium?
What is the major constituent of bones and teeth that contains calcium?
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Which nutrient is required for maximum absorption of calcium?
Which nutrient is required for maximum absorption of calcium?
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What is the primary use of magnesium hydroxide?
What is the primary use of magnesium hydroxide?
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Which compound serves as a cathartic?
Which compound serves as a cathartic?
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What is the primary use of calcium lactate?
What is the primary use of calcium lactate?
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Which of the following is a side effect of barium sulfate?
Which of the following is a side effect of barium sulfate?
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Which compound serves as a protective agent for burns?
Which compound serves as a protective agent for burns?
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Which allotrope of carbon is known for its hardness?
Which allotrope of carbon is known for its hardness?
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What is the function of activated charcoal in medical treatment?
What is the function of activated charcoal in medical treatment?
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Which of the following is known as fluoristan?
Which of the following is known as fluoristan?
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What is the primary use of polymeric dimethyl siloxane?
What is the primary use of polymeric dimethyl siloxane?
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Which substance is used primarily as an adsorbent?
Which substance is used primarily as an adsorbent?
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What is the main pharmacological use of lithium compounds in the pharmaceutical industry?
What is the main pharmacological use of lithium compounds in the pharmaceutical industry?
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Which sodium compound is commonly known as a saline solution?
Which sodium compound is commonly known as a saline solution?
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What is the pharmacological effect of sodium citrate in the body?
What is the pharmacological effect of sodium citrate in the body?
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Which of the following statements about potassium salts is true?
Which of the following statements about potassium salts is true?
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What does the term 'deliquescent' refer to in the context of sodium?
What does the term 'deliquescent' refer to in the context of sodium?
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What type of fluid accumulation is associated with excess sodium in the body?
What type of fluid accumulation is associated with excess sodium in the body?
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What is the formula for sodium tetraborate, a compound known for its antiseptic properties?
What is the formula for sodium tetraborate, a compound known for its antiseptic properties?
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Which of the following properties of potassium makes it useful in medicine?
Which of the following properties of potassium makes it useful in medicine?
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Study Notes
PHCH 1102: Pharmaceutical Compounds
- The course covers pharmaceutical compounds from Groups IA-VIIIA and IB-VIIIB.
- Students will learn to identify inorganic compounds used in the pharmaceutical industry.
- Students will learn about the pharmacological uses and mechanisms of these compounds.
- Students will learn about the pharmaceutical uses of each compound.
Group IA Compounds
-
Lithium:
- Lightest of all metals.
- Mood stabilizer.
- Lithium carbonate: Treatment of hypomanic and manic states associated with bipolar disorder.
- Lithium citrate: Also used for treating bipolar disorder.
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Sodium:
- Deliquescent.
- Promotes water retention in tissues.
- Edema: Excess accumulation of serous fluid in connective tissue.
- Contraindicated in heart failure.
- Cation often used in optimizing organic medicines.
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Sodium chloride (NaCl): Table salt, freezing salt, electrolyte replenisher.
- Used as a nasal spray, oral rehydration salts, and other medical applications.
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Sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7.10H2O): Also known as borax.
- Has antiseptic and astringent properties.
-
Sodium citrate: Used as an anticoagulant.
- Citrate complexes with calcium ions to prevent clotting.
-
Potassium:
- Salts are used as diuretics to flush excess fluid and sodium from the body.
-
Potassium bitartrate: Cream of tartar.
- Used as a cathartic.
-
Potassium sodium tartrate: Rochelle salt.
- Used as a laxative.
-
Potassium nitrite (KNO2):
- Has vasodilating effects.
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Potassium nitrate (KNO3): Saltpeter.
- Preservative and diuretic.
-
Potassium chloride (KCl): Electrolyte replenisher
- Important in treating Meniere's disease.
-
Ammonium carbonate: Expectorant and cough preparation.
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Ammonium chloride: Loosens congestion, facilitates mucus expulsion.
Group IIA Compounds
-
Magnesium hydroxide: Milk of magnesia.
- Antacid and laxative.
-
Magnesium sulfate:
- Laxative.
- Treatment of hypermagnesemia (elevated magnesium levels).
- Calcium gluconate is used as an antidote.
Calcium
- Calcium hydroxyapatite: Major constituent of bone and teeth.
- Approximately 99% of total body calcium exists as this.
- Component of hydroxyapatite - a lattice-like crystal.
- Calcium is essential for maximum absorption of calcium.
- Calcium lactate (P.O): Used for calcium deficiency.
- Calcium gluconate (IV): Used for calcium deficiency.
-
Calcium sulfate hemihydrate: Plaster of Paris.
- Used for cast support
Barium
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Barium sulfate: Used as radiopaque for GI tract imaging.
- Forms "barium meal."
- Does not absorb in the digestive system.
- Constipation is a side effect.
Group IIIA Compounds
-
Aluminum:
- Elemental aluminum: Protective agent for burns.
- Insoluble aluminum salts (e.g., aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3)): Antacid.
- Soluble aluminum salts: Antacid.
-
Aluminum silicates: Adsorbent
- E.g., Kaolin, bentonite, and attapulgite are used to treat diarrhea.
Silicon
- Polymeric dimethyl siloxane: Anti-flatulent agent.
- Purified siliceous earth: Filter, clarify solutions.
- Native hydrated magnesium aluminum silicate: Adsorbent.
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Native hydrous magnesium silicate: Talc.
- Dusting powder, lubricant.
Tin
-
Stannous fluoride: Prevents tooth decay.
- Topical prophylactic treatment.
Test Yourself
- Two Allotropes of Carbon: Crystalline and Amorphous
- Purest Carbon: Diamond
- Softest Mineral: Graphite
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Description
Test your knowledge on pharmaceutical compounds from Groups IA-VIIIA and IB-VIIIB. This quiz covers the identification, pharmacological uses, and mechanisms of inorganic compounds important for the pharmaceutical industry. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of compounds like Lithium and Sodium.
