Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factor is considered one of the most important for the likelihood of a xenobiotic being absorbed?
Which factor is considered one of the most important for the likelihood of a xenobiotic being absorbed?
- Body temperature
- Time of day
- Eye color
- Route of exposure (correct)
What is necessary for a substance to exert an effect on internal organs?
What is necessary for a substance to exert an effect on internal organs?
- Being in gaseous form
- Absorption into the body (correct)
- Ingestion of large quantities
- Absence of local toxicity
Which of the following is NOT a primary route of exposure for xenobiotics according to the text?
Which of the following is NOT a primary route of exposure for xenobiotics according to the text?
- Dermal (skin)
- Respiratory
- Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
- Intramuscular (correct)
What is the absorbed dose in relation to the exposure dose for substances injected or implanted directly into the body?
What is the absorbed dose in relation to the exposure dose for substances injected or implanted directly into the body?
Local toxicity, such as irritation, may occur even if a substance has not been:
Local toxicity, such as irritation, may occur even if a substance has not been:
Why are xenobiotics often ranked for hazard according to the route of exposure?
Why are xenobiotics often ranked for hazard according to the route of exposure?
Which mechanism of transport requires cellular energy from ATP?
Which mechanism of transport requires cellular energy from ATP?
What is a key difference between facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion?
What is a key difference between facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion?
In endocytosis, what happens to the substance and section of the cell membrane after engulfment?
In endocytosis, what happens to the substance and section of the cell membrane after engulfment?
Which system is involved in draining excess fluid from tissues and is part of the circulatory system?
Which system is involved in draining excess fluid from tissues and is part of the circulatory system?
Why can some large molecules and particles not enter cells via passive or active mechanisms?
Why can some large molecules and particles not enter cells via passive or active mechanisms?
Which type of cells benefit greatly from phagocytosis as a process of engulfing particles?
Which type of cells benefit greatly from phagocytosis as a process of engulfing particles?
What substances are actively transported into the liver, kidney, and central nervous system?
What substances are actively transported into the liver, kidney, and central nervous system?
What is an essential function of active transport within the body?
What is an essential function of active transport within the body?
Which factor determines the rate of passive transfer of xenobiotics across cell membranes?
Which factor determines the rate of passive transfer of xenobiotics across cell membranes?
What is the main characteristic of the phosphate head of a phospholipid molecule in cell membranes?
What is the main characteristic of the phosphate head of a phospholipid molecule in cell membranes?
What is the term used to describe the movement of toxicants across a membrane barrier without requiring cellular energy?
What is the term used to describe the movement of toxicants across a membrane barrier without requiring cellular energy?
What type of molecules can readily diffuse through the phospholipid membrane due to their properties?
What type of molecules can readily diffuse through the phospholipid membrane due to their properties?
Which specialized transport mechanism requires the substance to be engulfed by the cell?
Which specialized transport mechanism requires the substance to be engulfed by the cell?
What property of chemical substances affects their ability for passive transfer across cell membranes?
What property of chemical substances affects their ability for passive transfer across cell membranes?
Which type of molecules can pass across a membrane through aqueous pores?
Which type of molecules can pass across a membrane through aqueous pores?
What is the primary way that xenobiotics cross cell membranes?
What is the primary way that xenobiotics cross cell membranes?
Which type of molecules usually cannot make it through small pores in cell membranes?
Which type of molecules usually cannot make it through small pores in cell membranes?
What determines a toxicant's initial absorptive behavior and likelihood of distribution to tissues?
What determines a toxicant's initial absorptive behavior and likelihood of distribution to tissues?
Why is the disposition of a toxicant dependent on its volume of distribution (Vd)?
Why is the disposition of a toxicant dependent on its volume of distribution (Vd)?
What can cause a chemical to have a high plasma concentration and low Vd?
What can cause a chemical to have a high plasma concentration and low Vd?
Why is binding of a toxicant to plasma proteins important in toxicology?
Why is binding of a toxicant to plasma proteins important in toxicology?
Which factor does NOT influence the distribution of a toxicant to tissues?
Which factor does NOT influence the distribution of a toxicant to tissues?
Why may a compound with high plasma protein binding show less toxicity?
Why may a compound with high plasma protein binding show less toxicity?
Which body compartment has a low plasma concentration if a chemical distributes throughout both compartments?
Which body compartment has a low plasma concentration if a chemical distributes throughout both compartments?
What primarily determines the rate of distribution of a toxicant to organs or tissues?
What primarily determines the rate of distribution of a toxicant to organs or tissues?
Why do some toxicants selectively accumulate in certain body parts?
Why do some toxicants selectively accumulate in certain body parts?
Why might accumulation at a site other than the target organ be viewed as protective?
Why might accumulation at a site other than the target organ be viewed as protective?
What determines if a chemical readily crosses cell membranes for distribution?
What determines if a chemical readily crosses cell membranes for distribution?
What is the main reason why some toxicants do not readily enter the central nervous system?
What is the main reason why some toxicants do not readily enter the central nervous system?
Which organ is mentioned to have a high capacity for binding a multitude of chemicals?
Which organ is mentioned to have a high capacity for binding a multitude of chemicals?
What is a characteristic of the skeletal uptake of xenobiotics?
What is a characteristic of the skeletal uptake of xenobiotics?
How does storage in fat impact the toxicity of highly lipophilic toxicants?
How does storage in fat impact the toxicity of highly lipophilic toxicants?
Which barrier protects the developing fetus from toxicants absorbed in maternal circulation?
Which barrier protects the developing fetus from toxicants absorbed in maternal circulation?
Which organs are likely to concentrate more toxicants than all other organs combined?
Which organs are likely to concentrate more toxicants than all other organs combined?
What physiological feature limits the movement of water-insoluble compounds through paracellular transport in the central nervous system?
What physiological feature limits the movement of water-insoluble compounds through paracellular transport in the central nervous system?
Why is bone noted as a storage depot for xenobiotics?
Why is bone noted as a storage depot for xenobiotics?
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