Phases of Toxic Phenomenon Exposure and Absorption Quiz

Which factor is NOT considered to be important in affecting the likelihood of a xenobiotic being absorbed?

What is true about the relationship between exposure dose and absorbed dose for substances injected directly into the body?

Which route is NOT considered a primary route of exposure for xenobiotics to enter the body?

If a xenobiotic is categorized as highly toxic via one route and relatively non-toxic via another, what does this indicate?

Which is NOT mentioned as a factor that affects absorption of xenobiotics?

Why must a substance be absorbed to exert an effect on internal organs?

What is the main difference between facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion?

Which process requires cellular energy to move molecules across the membrane?

In endocytosis, how does the cell take in substances?

What is the importance of active transport in the body?

Which type of cells are involved in phagocytosis?

How do toxicants absorbed through the skin enter the blood supply?

Where are lymph capillaries found in the body?

Which type of transport across cell membranes requires cellular energy or assistance?

What is the main feature of facilitated diffusion in toxicant movement across cell membranes?

Which factor determines the rate of passive transfer across cell membranes?

What role does lipid solubility play in the passive transfer of substances across cell membranes?

What determines a substance's ability to pass through aqueous pores in cell membranes?

In toxicant movement across cell membranes, what is true about large water-soluble molecules?

For xenobiotics to move within the body, what must they do when passing cell membranes?

Which body defense mechanism prevents substances from gaining entry into body tissues?

Which factor affects the distribution of toxicants to tissues primarily due to the volume of blood flowing through a specific tissue?

What determines the rate of distribution of toxicants to organs or tissues primarily?

What does the volume of distribution (Vd) of a toxicant depend on?

Why can toxicants bound to plasma proteins not cross capillary walls?

What are the primary forces responsible for protein-ligand interactions with toxicants in plasma?

Why can a compound with a high degree of plasma protein binding appear less toxic than one with less binding?

What is NOT a factor that can influence the distribution of toxicants to tissues?

Plasma concentration is high and Vd is low for which type of chemical distribution?

Protein binding, active transport, and high fat solubility contribute to the selective accumulation of some toxicants where?

Which factor can cause protective accumulation of a toxicant if it accumulates at a site other than the target organ?

Which factor can lead to decreased toxicity of a compound in obese individuals compared to lean individuals?

What is a common physiological barrier that restricts the entry of toxicants into the central nervous system?

What effect might short-term starvation have on experimental animals previously exposed to persistent organochlorine insecticides?

Why are lead deposits not considered toxic to bone compared to other substances like fluoride and radioactive strontium?

What is a key role of the placental barrier in relation to toxicants?

How does the blood-brain barrier restrict the entry of toxicants into the brain?

Why is storage in bone considered dynamic for toxicants?

What can be a consequence of high lipid/water partition coefficient for certain toxicants?

Which factor contributes to the concentration of many chemicals in the liver and kidney compared to other organs?

What role do astrocytes play in relation to the blood-brain barrier's function?