Podcast
Questions and Answers
The process of breaking down food into smaller pieces is known as the ______ phase.
The process of breaking down food into smaller pieces is known as the ______ phase.
Mechanical
The ______ is the muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach.
The ______ is the muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach.
Esophagus
The ______ is the largest part of the digestive system and is responsible for complete digestion.
The ______ is the largest part of the digestive system and is responsible for complete digestion.
Small Intestine
The ______ is the part of the digestive system where food is lubricated and formed into a ball-like shape.
The ______ is the part of the digestive system where food is lubricated and formed into a ball-like shape.
The ______ is the process by which the esophagus moves food through its muscular contractions.
The ______ is the process by which the esophagus moves food through its muscular contractions.
The largest internal organ in the body that produces ______ is the liver.
The largest internal organ in the body that produces ______ is the liver.
The ______ is located at the back of the stomach and functions as an exocrine to digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
The ______ is located at the back of the stomach and functions as an exocrine to digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Salivary glands secrete ______, a combination of fluid and mucus, and produce approximately 1 liter every day.
Salivary glands secrete ______, a combination of fluid and mucus, and produce approximately 1 liter every day.
The ______ stores concentrated bile from the liver.
The ______ stores concentrated bile from the liver.
The ______ is the Father of modern taxonomy.
The ______ is the Father of modern taxonomy.
The binomial nomenclature system uses ______ words.
The binomial nomenclature system uses ______ words.
The ______ concept uses shared, unique genetic history.
The ______ concept uses shared, unique genetic history.
Archaebacteria are bacteria that live in ______ conditions.
Archaebacteria are bacteria that live in ______ conditions.
The ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem is the ______.
The ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem is the ______.
The ______ cycle refers to the cycling of nutrients from the environment.
The ______ cycle refers to the cycling of nutrients from the environment.
Study Notes
Digestive System
- Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules
- Mechanical digestion: breaking down food into smaller pieces by chewing/mastication in the mouth and stomach
- Chemical digestion: enzymes and acids help break down food in the mouth and intestine
- Phases of digestion: mechanical (mouth -> stomach) and chemical (mouth -> intestine)
Phases of Digestion
- Mouth: digestion begins with chewing/mastication, food lubricated to form a ball called a bolus
- Stomach: muscular, elastic, pear-shaped organ that stores and breaks down food into smaller pieces
- Esophagus: muscular tube that moves food from pharynx to stomach through peristalsis
- Pharynx: common passageway of digestion and respiration
- Small Intestine: largest part of the digestive system, organ of complete digestion
- Rectum: warehouse of undigested residue
- Large Intestine: absorbs most liquid from undigested food, absorbs vitamins produced by bacteria
Accessory Digestive Organs
- Liver: largest internal organ, produces bile
- Pancreas: located behind the stomach, functions as exocrine to digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
- Salivary Glands: secrete saliva, a combination of fluid and mucus, 1 liter secreted daily
- Gallbladder: stores concentrated bile from the liver
###Digestive Disorders
- PICA: pattern of eating non-food materials
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Gastritis
- Peptic Ulcers: holes in the gastrointestinal mucosa
Taxonomy
- Carolus Von Linnaeus: Father of modern taxonomy
- Classification: organisms grouped into hierarchical categories from broad to specific
- Binomial Nomenclature: two-word naming system using Latin words, format: Genus (capitalized) species (lowercase)
Biodiversity
- Genetic diversity: differences in DNA among species
- Species diversity: variety of species in a given area
- Ecosystem diversity: variety of habitats
- Phylogenetic Species concept: uses shared, unique genetic history
Classification of Organisms
- Old Classification: Monera, Protists, Plants, Animals, Fungi
- Monera: split into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
- Archaebacteria: "ancient bacteria" that live in harsh conditions
- Eubacteria: bacteria that live in normal conditions, used in making cheese and yogurt
Cell Type and Number
- Prokaryotic: no nucleus
- Eukaryotic: nucleus
- Unicellular: single-celled
- Multicellular: many-celled
Feeding Type and Energy Flow
- Producers (Autotroph): make their own food
- Consumer (Heterotroph): must eat other organisms
- Ultimate source of energy: Sun
- Energy Flow: 10% Rule, energy harvested at a lower trophic level is transferred to the next higher trophic level
- Food Chain: linear network of links in each trophic level
- Food Web: network of food chains
- Biomass: total mass of organisms inside a food chain
- Biogeochemical Cycle: cycling of nutrients from the environment
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Description
Learn about the mechanical and chemical phases of digestion, including the role of the mouth, stomach, and esophagus. Understand how food is broken down into smaller molecules through these processes. Test your knowledge of digestion!
