12 Questions
What is the primary function of Flavin Monooxygenase (FMO) in Phase I biotransformation?
N,S oxidation to give N-oxides and sulfoxides
What is the reactive oxidant in the reaction catalyzed by Flavin Monooxygenase (FMO)?
Flavin hydroperoxide
Which enzyme is responsible for the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids?
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)
What is the substrate characteristic of Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) isoforms?
Similar to xenobiotic metabolism enzymes
What is the result of a genetic defect in Flavin Monooxygenase (FMO) in humans?
Trimethylaminuria
What is the role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the metabolism of Hydroxyzine?
Oxidation of the aldehyde to the carboxylic acid
What is the result of lipid oxidation in the body?
Formation of 4-hydroxynonenal
Which enzyme is responsible for the majority of ethanol metabolism in humans?
Alcohol dehydrogenase
What is the result of being homozygous for the ALDH2*2 allele?
Decreased overall ALDH activity
What is the byproduct of ethanol metabolism that is then oxidized by aldehyde dehydrogenases?
Acetaldehyde
What is the mechanism of aldehyde dehydrogenase action?
Attack of a conserved cysteine thiolate on the aldehyde
What is the result of acetaldehyde accumulation in the body?
Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases
Learn about the other Phase I enzymes involved in biotransformation, including Flavin Monooxygenase, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Aldo-Keto Reductase, Esterases, and Epoxide Hydrolase. Discover their roles in metabolizing xenobiotics and toxic metabolites.
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