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12 Questions

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Phase I Enzymes: Beyond CYP450

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of Flavin Monooxygenase (FMO) in Phase I biotransformation?

Reduction of xenobiotics

N,S oxidation to give N-oxides and sulfoxides (correct)

Hydrolysis of lipophilic drugs

Conjugation of Phase I metabolites

What is the reactive oxidant in the reaction catalyzed by Flavin Monooxygenase (FMO)?

NADPH

Oxygen

Flavin hydroperoxide (correct)

NAD+

Which enzyme is responsible for the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids?

Esterases

Flavin Monooxygenase (FMO)

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) (correct)

Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)

What is the substrate characteristic of Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) isoforms?

Similar to xenobiotic metabolism enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a genetic defect in Flavin Monooxygenase (FMO) in humans?

Trimethylaminuria Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the metabolism of Hydroxyzine?

Oxidation of the aldehyde to the carboxylic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of lipid oxidation in the body?

Formation of 4-hydroxynonenal Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the majority of ethanol metabolism in humans?

Alcohol dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of being homozygous for the ALDH2*2 allele?

Decreased overall ALDH activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of ethanol metabolism that is then oxidized by aldehyde dehydrogenases?

Acetaldehyde Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of aldehyde dehydrogenase action?

Attack of a conserved cysteine thiolate on the aldehyde Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of acetaldehyde accumulation in the body?

Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases Signup and view all the answers