أسئلة الـ Pharynx (ريتين ثانية أناتومي)

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Questions and Answers

What are the boundaries of the laryngo-pharynx?

The laryngo-pharynx is bounded laterally by the middle and inferior constrictors.

What is the main arterial supply to the oro-pharynx?

The main arterial supply to the oro-pharynx is from the facial artery.

Where is the palatine tonsil located in relation to the palateglossus and palatopharyngus?

The palatine tonsil is located at the tonsillar fossa between the palateglossus anteriorly and the palatopharyngus posteriorly.

Which nerve is primarily responsible for the innervation of the oro-pharynx?

The glossopharyngeal nerve is primarily responsible for the innervation of the oro-pharynx. Signup and view all the answers

What structure forms the Waldyer ring?

The Waldyer ring is formed by the pharyngeal tonsils, tubal tonsils, palatine tonsil, and lingual tonsil. Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the dorsal lingual area?

The dorsal lingual area is supplied by the lingual artery. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the pharyngeal constrictors during swallowing?

The primary action of the pharyngeal constrictors is to aid in swallowing by facilitating pharyngeal constriction. Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve solely supplies the stylopharyngeus muscle?

The stylopharyngeus muscle is solely supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve. Signup and view all the answers

Name the three parts of the pharynx as described in the content.

The three parts of the pharynx are the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. Signup and view all the answers

From which part of the body does the superior constrictor arise?

The superior constrictor arises from the medial pterygoid plate and the pterygomandibular ligament. Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of sensory supply to the nasopharynx?

The nasopharynx receives sensory supply from the maxillary nerve. Signup and view all the answers

What are the origins of the middle constrictor muscle?

The middle constrictor arises from the stylohyoid ligament and the hyoid bone. Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for parasympathetic autonomic supply to the pharynx?

The facial nerve is responsible for the parasympathetic autonomic supply to the pharynx. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the anatomical features associated with the naso-pharynx and their functions.

Auditory tube orifice for pressure equalization, tubal elevation, and salpingo-pharyngeal fold assist in sound transmission and drainage. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the oro-pharynx and its significance.

The lymphatic drainage of the oro-pharynx occurs through upper deep cervical lymph nodes, which are vital for immune response. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the palatine tonsil and surrounding structures?

The palatine tonsil is located at the tonsillar fossa, bordered anteriorly by palateglossus, posteriorly by palatopharyngus, and laterally by superior constrictor. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of Waldyer ring in immunology.

Waldyer ring, formed of pharyngeal, tubal, palatine, and lingual tonsils, acts as a lymphoid barrier against pathogens entering the body. Signup and view all the answers

How do the boundaries of the laryngo-pharynx relate to its function?

The laryngo-pharynx is laterally bounded by middle and inferior constrictors, helping to direct food and air through appropriate passages. Signup and view all the answers

Which two arteries provide the main arterial supply to the inferior constrictor muscle?

Thyroid and cricoid cartilages. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pharyngeal muscles during swallowing?

They facilitate pharyngeal constriction. Signup and view all the answers

From which specific anatomical structures does the middle constrictor muscle arise?

Stylohyoid ligament and hyoid bone. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the primary nerve responsible for the motor supply to the muscles of the pharynx, excluding the stylopharyngeus.

Pharyngeal plexus. Signup and view all the answers

What level of the cervical spine is the oropharynx located?

C2 and C3. Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the oropharynx?

Glossopharyngeal nerve. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are classified as longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

Stylo-pharyngeus, salpingo-pharyngeus, and palato-pharyngeus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sympathetic supply in relation to the pharynx?

It originates from the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pharynx Anatomy

The pharynx is a funnel-shaped tube connecting the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus.
It plays a crucial role in both respiratory and digestive functions.
It's divided into three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

Pharynx Arterial Supply

Ascending pharyngeal: from external carotid artery
Superior laryngeal: from superior thyroid artery
Dorsal lingual: from lingual artery
Ascending palatine & Tonsillar: from facial artery
Greater palatine & pharyngeal: from maxillary artery

Pharynx Muscles

Longitudinal group:
- Stylo-pharyngeus
- Salpingo-pharyngeus
- Palato-pharyngeus
Constrictors:
- Superior constrictor (originates from medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular ligament, and mylohyoid line)
- Middle constrictor (originates from stylohyoid ligament and hyoid bone)
- Inferior constrictor (originates from thyroid and cricoid cartilages)
All constrictors insert into the pharyngeal raphe.
Action: Pharyngeal constriction aids in swallowing.

Pharynx Nerve Supply

Motor: Supplied by pharyngeal plexus (vagus/vagus-accessory complex), except stylopharyngeus (glossopharyngeal nerve).
Sensory:
- Nasopharynx: from maxillary nerve
- Oropharynx: from glossopharyngeal nerve
- Laryngopharynx: from vagus nerve
Autonomic:
- Sympathetic: from superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
- Parasympathetic: from facial nerve

Parts of the Pharynx

Nasopharynx:
- Located behind the nasal cavity
- At the level of C1 (atlas)
- Bounded laterally by the superior constrictor muscle
Oropharynx:
- Situated behind the oral cavity
- At the level of C2 & C3
- Bounded laterally by the superior and middle constrictor muscles
Laryngopharynx:
- Located behind the laryngeal cavity
- At the level of C4, C5, & C6
- Bounded laterally by the middle and inferior constrictor muscles

Nasopharynx Features

Auditory tube orifice (at level of inferior concha)
Tubal elevation
Salpingopharyngeal fold
Pharyngeal recess
Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)

Oropharynx Features

Palatine tonsils located in the tonsillar fossa (between palatoglossus - anteriorly, palatopharyngeus - posteriorly, and superior constrictor - laterally)
Main arterial supply: facial artery
Nerve supply: glossopharyngeal nerve
Lymph drainage: upper deep cervical lymph nodes.
Waldver ring comprises pharyngeal, tubal, palatine, and lingual tonsils.

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