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Questions and Answers
What condition arises when lymphoid tissue blocks the nasal airways?
What condition arises when lymphoid tissue blocks the nasal airways?
Which structure is part of Waldeyer's tonsillar ring?
Which structure is part of Waldeyer's tonsillar ring?
What is the main role of the ventricle of the larynx?
What is the main role of the ventricle of the larynx?
Which of the following cartilages is considered unpaired in the larynx?
Which of the following cartilages is considered unpaired in the larynx?
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What are the two layers of the voluntary pharyngeal muscles?
What are the two layers of the voluntary pharyngeal muscles?
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The section of the larynx primarily between the hyoid bone and the epiglottis is known as what?
The section of the larynx primarily between the hyoid bone and the epiglottis is known as what?
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Which of the following muscles is part of the internal longitudinal layer of the pharynx?
Which of the following muscles is part of the internal longitudinal layer of the pharynx?
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Which type of membrane lines the cavity of the larynx?
Which type of membrane lines the cavity of the larynx?
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Which artery does NOT supply the palatine tonsils?
Which artery does NOT supply the palatine tonsils?
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Which tonsils are located at the entrance of the pharynx?
Which tonsils are located at the entrance of the pharynx?
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What is the function of the laryngeal inlet?
What is the function of the laryngeal inlet?
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The arytenoid cartilages in the larynx are responsible for what function?
The arytenoid cartilages in the larynx are responsible for what function?
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What separates the piriform recess from the laryngeal inlet?
What separates the piriform recess from the laryngeal inlet?
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What occurs when the cricopharyngeal muscle fails to relax properly during swallowing?
What occurs when the cricopharyngeal muscle fails to relax properly during swallowing?
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How many tubal tonsils are there in the human body?
How many tubal tonsils are there in the human body?
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Which of the following arteries is involved in the arterial supply of the tonsils?
Which of the following arteries is involved in the arterial supply of the tonsils?
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What is the term used for the pouch that can develop due to pressure on the pharyngeal wall?
What is the term used for the pouch that can develop due to pressure on the pharyngeal wall?
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Where is the cricopharyngeus muscle located?
Where is the cricopharyngeus muscle located?
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What part of the larynx is located below the ventricular folds?
What part of the larynx is located below the ventricular folds?
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Which muscles play a significant role in pushing food down toward the cricopharyngeal muscle?
Which muscles play a significant role in pushing food down toward the cricopharyngeal muscle?
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Which of these pairs of muscles are classified as external constrictors?
Which of these pairs of muscles are classified as external constrictors?
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Which of the following structures is found lateral to the laryngeal inlet?
Which of the following structures is found lateral to the laryngeal inlet?
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Where is Killian's triangle located?
Where is Killian's triangle located?
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What role do the constrictor muscles of the pharynx primarily serve during swallowing?
What role do the constrictor muscles of the pharynx primarily serve during swallowing?
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Which of the following conditions is primarily related to the cricopharyngeal muscle's function?
Which of the following conditions is primarily related to the cricopharyngeal muscle's function?
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What happens to the pharynx wall when food gets caught due to muscle malfunction?
What happens to the pharynx wall when food gets caught due to muscle malfunction?
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What is the role of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle during swallowing?
What is the role of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle during swallowing?
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What can chronic pressure on the cricopharyngeal muscle potentially cause?
What can chronic pressure on the cricopharyngeal muscle potentially cause?
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What health issue is most likely to result from difficulties with the cricopharyngeal muscle?
What health issue is most likely to result from difficulties with the cricopharyngeal muscle?
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What might be observed in the pharynx when food is repeatedly caught due to muscle dysfunction?
What might be observed in the pharynx when food is repeatedly caught due to muscle dysfunction?
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Study Notes
Pharynx and Larynx Anatomy
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The pharynx is a 12 cm muscular tube extending from the skull base to the esophagus.
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It's widest opposite the hyoid bone and narrowest at the esophagus junction.
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The pharyngeal wall has five layers: mucous membrane, submucosa, pharyngobasilar fascia, pharyngeal muscle layers, and buccopharyngeal fascia.
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The pharynx has three sections: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
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Nasopharynx: Primarily respiratory, located above the hyoid bone. Contains pharyngeal tonsils.
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Oropharynx: Primarily digestive, from the hyoid to the epiglottis. Contains palatine tonsils.
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Laryngopharynx: Extending from the hyoid to the cricoid cartilage; part of both respiratory and digestive systems.
Pharyngeal Muscles
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Internal longitudinal muscles (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus): Aid in swallowing.
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External circular muscles (superior, middle, inferior constrictors): Constricts the pharynx during swallowing.
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Innervation: Vagus nerve (CN X) innervates most muscles; stylopharyngeus innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).
Pharyngeal Blood Supply
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Branches of the external carotid arteries (ascending pharyngeal, ascending palatine, tonsillar, facial, lingual).
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Inferior thyroid artery branches.
Pharynx Clinical Relevance - Pharyngeal Diverticulum
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A pouch in the pharynx wall, often caused by cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction.
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Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is a common symptom.
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Killian's triangle: Triangular area between cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus muscles; common site for diverticulum formation.
Larynx Overview
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The larynx is a voice box-shaped organ, part of the airway above the trachea.
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Nine cartilages (three unpaired: thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis; three paired: arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform) support it.
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Mucosal lining within larynx
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Located in the anterior (front) of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx, superior to the trachea.
Larynx Cartilages
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Thyroid cartilage (largest) forms the anterior prominence (Adam's apple).
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Cricoid cartilage is a complete ring, inferior to the thyroid. It is the only complete ring in the larynx.
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Epiglottis, a leaf-shaped cartilage, prevents food from entering the airway.
Laryngeal Cavity
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Laryngeal vestibule: Upper region of the larynx.
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Laryngeal ventricle: Between folds (false and true vocal cords).
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Infraglottic cavity: Below the true vocal cords.
Larynx Nerve Supply
- Sensory and motor innervation for the vocal cords are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve (both branches of the vagus nerve (CN X)).
Larynx Blood Supply
- Superior laryngeal artery.
- Inferior laryngeal artery.
Waldeyer's Ring
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Ring of lymphoid tissue (including adenoids) in the oropharynx and nasopharynx.
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Plays a role in immune function.
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Adenoids: Lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx, can become hypertrophied (enlarged) causing airway obstruction.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the pharynx and larynx, including their structures and functions. Learn about the different sections of the pharynx, the pharyngeal muscles, and their roles in respiration and digestion. This quiz is designed for students of anatomy and biology.
