Pharynx and Larynx Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What condition arises when lymphoid tissue blocks the nasal airways?

  • Nasal polyps
  • Adenoids hypertrophy (correct)
  • Sinusitis
  • Tonsillitis

Which structure is part of Waldeyer's tonsillar ring?

  • Nasal mucosa
  • Lingual tonsils (correct)
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Palatine adenoids

What is the main role of the ventricle of the larynx?

  • Regulates airflow
  • Filters air
  • Responsible for phonation (correct)
  • Protects the vocal cords

Which of the following cartilages is considered unpaired in the larynx?

<p>Cricoid cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two layers of the voluntary pharyngeal muscles?

<p>External circular layer and Internal longitudinal layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The section of the larynx primarily between the hyoid bone and the epiglottis is known as what?

<p>Supraglottic part (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is part of the internal longitudinal layer of the pharynx?

<p>Stylopharyngeus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of membrane lines the cavity of the larynx?

<p>Mucous membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery does NOT supply the palatine tonsils?

<p>Superficial temporal artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tonsils are located at the entrance of the pharynx?

<p>Palatine tonsils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the laryngeal inlet?

<p>It serves as the entrance to the larynx (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The arytenoid cartilages in the larynx are responsible for what function?

<p>Adjusting the width of the glottis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates the piriform recess from the laryngeal inlet?

<p>Aryepiglottic fold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the cricopharyngeal muscle fails to relax properly during swallowing?

<p>Food gets stuck in the pharynx (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many tubal tonsils are there in the human body?

<p>Two (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries is involved in the arterial supply of the tonsils?

<p>Tonsillar branch of facial artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the pouch that can develop due to pressure on the pharyngeal wall?

<p>Pharyngeal pouch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the cricopharyngeus muscle located?

<p>At the top of the esophagus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the larynx is located below the ventricular folds?

<p>Infraglottis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles play a significant role in pushing food down toward the cricopharyngeal muscle?

<p>Powerful throat muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these pairs of muscles are classified as external constrictors?

<p>Superior, Middle, and Inferior constrictor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is found lateral to the laryngeal inlet?

<p>Piriform sinus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is Killian's triangle located?

<p>Between the cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do the constrictor muscles of the pharynx primarily serve during swallowing?

<p>To push food down into the esophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is primarily related to the cricopharyngeal muscle's function?

<p>Dysphagia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pharynx wall when food gets caught due to muscle malfunction?

<p>It creates a pouch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle during swallowing?

<p>To assist in the swallowing reflex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can chronic pressure on the cricopharyngeal muscle potentially cause?

<p>A pharyngeal diverticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What health issue is most likely to result from difficulties with the cricopharyngeal muscle?

<p>Choking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be observed in the pharynx when food is repeatedly caught due to muscle dysfunction?

<p>Formation of a pocket (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pharyngeal Layers

The pharynx has two layers of voluntary muscles: an external circular layer and an internal longitudinal layer.

External Circular Layer

The outer layer of the pharynx, containing 3 constrictor muscles that help squeeze food down the esophagus.

Internal Longitudinal Layer

The inner layer of the pharynx, containing muscles that help lift the larynx and shorten the pharynx during swallowing.

Swallowing

A complex process involving the pharynx and larynx, where food is moved from the mouth to the esophagus.

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Tonsillar Bed

The area at the back of the throat where the palatine tonsils are located.

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Arterial Supply of Palatine Tonsils

The palatine tonsils receive blood supply from several arteries, including the ascending pharyngeal, ascending palatine, maxillary, lingual, and tonsillar branch of facial artery.

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Laryngeal Inlet

The entrance to the larynx, the voice box, which connects the pharynx to the trachea.

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Piriform Sinus

A small recess on either side of the laryngeal inlet, separated from the inlet by the aryepiglottic fold.

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Cricopharyngeus

A muscle at the top of the esophagus, playing a crucial role in swallowing and preventing reflux.

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Aryepiglottic Fold

A fold of tissue that separates the piriform sinus from the laryngeal inlet.

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Pharyngeal Diverticulum

A pouch-like protrusion in the pharynx caused by pressure from food getting stuck due to a cricopharyngeal muscle that doesn't relax properly.

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Cricopharyngeal Muscle

A muscle at the top of the esophagus that relaxes to allow food to pass into the esophagus and closes to prevent food from going back up.

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Swallowing Difficulties

Issues with the process of moving food from the mouth to the stomach, often associated with a pharyngeal diverticulum.

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Pharynx

The part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, responsible for swallowing and breathing.

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Killian's Triangle

A triangular space in the pharynx between the cricopharyngeal and thyropharyngeus muscles, a potential weak point where a diverticulum can form.

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Thyropharyngeus

A muscle within the pharynx, part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, contributing to swallowing.

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Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle

One of the three constrictor muscles of the pharynx, helping to push food down the esophagus.

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Esophagus

The muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach, transporting food.

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Muscle Relaxation

The ability of a muscle to loosen and lengthen, essential for proper swallowing.

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Muscular Squeeze Play

The coordinated action of muscles in the pharynx that propel food down the esophagus.

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Adenoids Hypertrophy

Enlarged adenoids, which are masses of lymphoid tissue located at the back of the nasal cavity, blocking the passage behind the nose and causing nasal airway obstruction.

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Waldeyer's Tonsillar Ring

A ring of lymphoid tissue in the throat, made up of the adenoid (pharyngeal) tonsil, two tubal tonsils, two palatine tonsils, and the lingual tonsils.

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Unpaired Cartilages

Cartilages within the larynx that are not paired, like the epiglottis and cricoid cartilage.

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Supraglottic Part

The section of the larynx above the vocal cords, between the hyoid bone, epiglottis, and vestibular folds (false vocal cords).

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Vestibular Folds

Also known as false vocal cords, these folds of tissue are located above the true vocal cords in the supraglottic part of the larynx.

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Laryngeal Ventricle

The space within the larynx that houses the true vocal cords, responsible for making sound.

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True Vocal Cords

Folds of tissue within the larynx, responsible for producing sound when air passes through them.

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Arytenoid Cartilages

Cartilages within the larynx that help adjust the width of the glottis, impacting sound production.

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Glottis

The opening between the vocal cords in the larynx, crucial for air flow and sound production.

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Study Notes

Pharynx and Larynx Anatomy

  • The pharynx is a 12 cm muscular tube extending from the skull base to the esophagus.

  • It's widest opposite the hyoid bone and narrowest at the esophagus junction.

  • The pharyngeal wall has five layers: mucous membrane, submucosa, pharyngobasilar fascia, pharyngeal muscle layers, and buccopharyngeal fascia.

  • The pharynx has three sections: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

  • Nasopharynx: Primarily respiratory, located above the hyoid bone. Contains pharyngeal tonsils.

  • Oropharynx: Primarily digestive, from the hyoid to the epiglottis. Contains palatine tonsils.

  • Laryngopharynx: Extending from the hyoid to the cricoid cartilage; part of both respiratory and digestive systems.

Pharyngeal Muscles

  • Internal longitudinal muscles (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus): Aid in swallowing.

  • External circular muscles (superior, middle, inferior constrictors): Constricts the pharynx during swallowing.

  • Innervation: Vagus nerve (CN X) innervates most muscles; stylopharyngeus innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).

Pharyngeal Blood Supply

  • Branches of the external carotid arteries (ascending pharyngeal, ascending palatine, tonsillar, facial, lingual).

  • Inferior thyroid artery branches.

Pharynx Clinical Relevance - Pharyngeal Diverticulum

  • A pouch in the pharynx wall, often caused by cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction.

  • Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is a common symptom.

  • Killian's triangle: Triangular area between cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus muscles; common site for diverticulum formation.

Larynx Overview

  • The larynx is a voice box-shaped organ, part of the airway above the trachea.

  • Nine cartilages (three unpaired: thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis; three paired: arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform) support it.

  • Mucosal lining within larynx

  • Located in the anterior (front) of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx, superior to the trachea.

Larynx Cartilages

  • Thyroid cartilage (largest) forms the anterior prominence (Adam's apple).

  • Cricoid cartilage is a complete ring, inferior to the thyroid. It is the only complete ring in the larynx.

  • Epiglottis, a leaf-shaped cartilage, prevents food from entering the airway.

Laryngeal Cavity

  • Laryngeal vestibule: Upper region of the larynx.

  • Laryngeal ventricle: Between folds (false and true vocal cords).

  • Infraglottic cavity: Below the true vocal cords.

Larynx Nerve Supply

  • Sensory and motor innervation for the vocal cords are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve (both branches of the vagus nerve (CN X)).

Larynx Blood Supply

  • Superior laryngeal artery.
  • Inferior laryngeal artery.

Waldeyer's Ring

  • Ring of lymphoid tissue (including adenoids) in the oropharynx and nasopharynx.

  • Plays a role in immune function.

  • Adenoids: Lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx, can become hypertrophied (enlarged) causing airway obstruction.

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Related Documents

Pharynx & Larynx - Chapter 1 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the pharynx and larynx, including their structures and functions. Learn about the different sections of the pharynx, the pharyngeal muscles, and their roles in respiration and digestion. This quiz is designed for students of anatomy and biology.

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