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Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of the new concepts adopted by pharmacists?
How has the role of patients evolved in the context of consumerism in healthcare?
Which of the following is NOT a right of patients according to the provided information?
What would happen to healthcare professionals who do not meet the demands of medical consumers?
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What does the term paternalism refer to in the context of healthcare?
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What is the primary purpose of health care organizations and professional groups as stated?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as an aim of health care system quality?
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How has the role of pharmacists changed in modern healthcare?
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What does pharmaceutical care emphasize about the pharmacist's responsibilities?
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What is one key component of a pharmacist's professional development?
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In what way is the pharmacist's relationship with society described?
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Why is adherence to the Pharmaceutical Code of Ethics important?
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What aspect of care is NOT a characteristic of quality health care systems?
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What is the main advantage of a drug patent for a pharmaceutical company?
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What happens to the price of a patented drug when the patent expires?
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Which of the following symbols is commonly associated with healing in the pharmaceutical field?
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What is a primary requirement for marketing a generic drug after a patent expires?
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What does the abbreviation 'Rx' popularly stand for in the pharmaceutical field?
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How do generic drug development costs compare to patented drug development costs?
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Which ancient symbol is thought to influence the development of the 'Rx' symbol?
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What is the primary purpose of a patent for a pharmaceutical drug?
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What is the primary role of a pharmacist?
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Which of the following best defines a placebo?
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What is the focus of pharmaceutical care?
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What does the term 'expansion date' refer to in pharmaceuticals?
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Which statement correctly distinguishes between a drug and a medicine?
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Which of the following is NOT a source of drugs?
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What is the importance of quality control in pharmaceuticals?
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What are excipients in a drug product?
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What temperature range is considered 'cool' for drug storage?
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What occurs during a double-blind clinical trial?
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What characterizes prescription-only drugs?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of brand names for drugs?
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Which term refers to the frequency of drug intake?
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What is a synthetic drug?
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Study Notes
Pharmacy Profession
- Pharmacy is the science and art of preparing and dispensing medications, and providing drug-related information to the public.
- Pharmacists are responsible for interpreting prescriptions, compounding and labeling medications, drug product selection and reviews, patient monitoring and intervention, and providing medications and device related advice.
- Pharmacists are licensed and graduate from accredited School of Pharmacy.
Pharmaceutical Care
- Pharmaceutical care involves ensuring drug therapy is provided responsibly to achieve patient-centered outcomes.
Nature and Sources of Drugs
- Drugs can be derived from natural sources, synthesised in a laboratory, or produced by biotechnological methods.
- Natural sources include plants, animals, minerals, and microorganisms.
- Synthetic drugs are produced in the laboratory by synthetic chemists.
- Biotechnology (Recombinant DNA) is used to create drugs like human insulin, vaccines, antibiotics, and interferons.
Drug Nomenclature
- Drugs have various names, including empirical formula, chemical name, code numbers, generic name, and brand name.
- The generic name is the official non-proprietary name, while the brand name is the proprietary or trademark name.
Brand Vs. Generic
- Brand-name drugs are under patent protection, while generic drugs are off-patent.
- Generic drugs must have the same active ingredients and the same rate and extent of absorption as the brand-name drugs, meaning they produce the same blood concentration.
Drug Patents
- Drug patents allow companies exclusive marketing rights for a specific period.
- This allows the company to recoup development costs through higher pricing.
- Patent expiration leads to market competition and generic versions with lower prices.
- Generic versions are less expensive to produce and do not require the same extensive testing as brand-name drugs, since they must only demonstrate bioequivalence.
Aims of Health Care System Quality
- Effective: Providing care that is based on scientific evidence and the best practices for optimal outcomes.
- Safe: Minimizing the risk of harm to patients and staff from medical care.
- Patient-Centered: Focusing on individual patient needs, preferences, and values.
- Timely: Ensuring prompt and efficient delivery of care without unnecessary delays.
- Equitable: Providing care that is fair and just for all patients, regardless of their background or circumstances.
- Integrated: Coordinating care across different settings and providers.
- Efficient: Using resources responsibly to maximize value and minimize waste.
Pharmacist's Role in Society
- Pharmacists play a crucial role in society by dispensing medications and providing expert drug information and therapy recommendations.
- The profession is continuously evolving, expanding beyond just dispensing medications.
- The bond between pharmacists and society is strengthening and acquiring new dimensions.
Rationale Behind Influential Role of Pharmacists
- Pharmaceutical care focuses on patient needs, shifting responsibility for monitoring progress from solely the physician to a shared responsibility with the pharmacist.
- Pharmacists are expected to maintain competency and effectiveness through continued professional development.
- Adherence to the Code of Ethics helps establish pharmacy as a noble profession, instilling public trust.
- Pharmacists are considered a reliable source of pharmaceutical information.
- Continuing professional development empowers pharmacists to adapt to changing global scenarios and adopt new concepts like retail pharmacy, academic pharmacy, nuclear pharmacy, and pharmaceutical journalism.
Consumerism Versus Paternalism
- The shift from paternalism (health care professionals knowing best) to consumerism has empowered patients as informed consumers of medical care.
- Patients have the right to information, consent, and multiple options for treatment.
- Healthcare professionals must meet patient demands to remain competitive.
Patient Rights
- Patients have the right to informed consent before starting any care.
- Patients have the right to choose their doctors, pharmacies, and hospitals.
- Patients have the right to choose from multiple treatment options.
- Patients have the right to safe and effective treatment.
Pharmaceutical Symbols
- The serpent of Epidaurus on the staff (rod) of Aesculapius is a symbol associated with healing.
- The bowl of Hygeia with the serpent of Epidaurus is another symbol of healing.
- The caduceus (staff of Hermes), usually depicted with two snakes entwined around a staff, is often mistaken for the staff of Aesculapius.
- The "Rx" symbol is an abbreviation of the Latin "recipe" (take thou), and may be derived from an astronomical sign or an ancient Egyptian symbol associated with healing powers.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to the pharmacy profession, including the roles of pharmacists, the importance of pharmaceutical care, and sources of drugs. Test your knowledge on how drugs are derived and the responsibilities of pharmacists in patient care.
