Pharmacy Practice: Gastrointestinal Diseases

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What is the primary difference between nausea and vomiting?

Nausea is a mild symptom, while vomiting is a severe symptom

Nausea affects the brain, while vomiting affects the stomach

Nausea is a physical act, while vomiting is a subjective feeling

Nausea is a subjective feeling, while vomiting is a physical act (correct)

What is the primary cause of heartburn symptoms?

Reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus (correct)

Blockage of the small intestine

Inflammation of the esophagus

Infection of the stomach lining

What is the term for the rhythmic contraction of the abdominal muscles without actual emesis?

Nausea

Retching (correct)

Vomiting

Gagging

What is the term for the expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth?

Vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sensation of the need to vomit, including an unpleasant sensation in the mouth and stomach?

Nausea Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the relaxation of the esophageal sphincter, contraction of the abdominal muscles, and temporary suspension of breathing?

Vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sensation of food or acid flowing back up into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest?

Heartburn Signup and view all the answers

What should you include when assessing nausea and vomiting?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antacid is most likely to cause constipation?

Calcium Salts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which antacids can interact with other drugs?

Adsorption Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antacids is most likely to cause metabolic alkalosis?

Sodium Bicarbonate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of alginates in antacid products?

To form a raft that prevents reflux Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antacid is most likely to cause diarrhea?

Magnesium Salts Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of using magnesium-containing antacids in patients with renal failure?

Hypermagnesemia Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antacid is most likely to cause kidney stones?

Calcium Salts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of sodium bicarbonate on stomach acid?

It buffers the acidic properties of HCl Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in relieving heartburn symptoms?

By blocking the hydrogen–potassium ATPase enzyme in the parietal cells of the stomach wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum daily dose of over-the-counter (OTC) famotidine in adults and children over 12 years of age?

40 mg per day Signup and view all the answers

Why was ranitidine withdrawn from the U.S. market in 2020?

The exact reason is not specified in the text Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of taking OTC famotidine 1 hour before an evening meal?

To prevent heartburn and indigestion in the evening and during bedtime Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of PPIs over other acid reducers?

They are among the most effective medicines for the relief of heartburn Signup and view all the answers

Why should patients taking a PPI be advised not to take H2 antagonists at the same time?

Because H2 antagonists can reduce the efficacy of PPIs Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of action of a single treatment of PPI?

Up to 24 hours or more Signup and view all the answers

What is the brand name of famotidine that does not contain ranitidine?

Zantac 360 Signup and view all the answers

What symptom must always be regarded as serious in relation to swallowing?

Difficulty in swallowing Signup and view all the answers

What could be an indication that pain is not caused by acid reflux?

Pain radiating to the arms Signup and view all the answers

What condition could cause regurgitation without food passing into the stomach?

Esophageal stricture Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is associated with causing heartburn in pregnant women due to lowering sphincter pressure?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

At what point should a patient seek medical advice if symptoms have not responded to treatment?

After 1 week Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change during pregnancy contributes to heartburn?

Increase in intra-abdominal pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom associated with acid reflux occurs when swallowing hot drinks or irritant fluids?

Difficulty in swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not mentioned as a reason for referring a patient for medical consultation?

Pain related to physical activity Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is most effective for motion sickness prevention?

Anticholinergic agents and antihistamines that cross the blood-brain barrier Signup and view all the answers

How often can Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) be taken?

Every 4-6 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of both anticholinergic agents and antihistamines?

Dry mouth Signup and view all the answers