Pharmacy Practice: Gastrointestinal Diseases
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between nausea and vomiting?

  • Nausea is a mild symptom, while vomiting is a severe symptom
  • Nausea affects the brain, while vomiting affects the stomach
  • Nausea is a physical act, while vomiting is a subjective feeling
  • Nausea is a subjective feeling, while vomiting is a physical act (correct)

    • What is the primary cause of heartburn symptoms?

  • Reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus (correct)
  • Blockage of the small intestine
  • Inflammation of the esophagus
  • Infection of the stomach lining

    • What is the term for the rhythmic contraction of the abdominal muscles without actual emesis?

  • Nausea
  • Retching (correct)
  • Vomiting
  • Gagging

    • What is the term for the expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth?

    <p>Vomiting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sensation of the need to vomit, including an unpleasant sensation in the mouth and stomach?

    <p>Nausea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the relaxation of the esophageal sphincter, contraction of the abdominal muscles, and temporary suspension of breathing?

    <p>Vomiting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sensation of food or acid flowing back up into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest?

    <p>Heartburn (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you include when assessing nausea and vomiting?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antacid is most likely to cause constipation?

    <p>Calcium Salts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which antacids can interact with other drugs?

    <p>Adsorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antacids is most likely to cause metabolic alkalosis?

    <p>Sodium Bicarbonate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of alginates in antacid products?

    <p>To form a raft that prevents reflux (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antacid is most likely to cause diarrhea?

    <p>Magnesium Salts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of using magnesium-containing antacids in patients with renal failure?

    <p>Hypermagnesemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antacid is most likely to cause kidney stones?

    <p>Calcium Salts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of sodium bicarbonate on stomach acid?

    <p>It buffers the acidic properties of HCl (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in relieving heartburn symptoms?

    <p>By blocking the hydrogen–potassium ATPase enzyme in the parietal cells of the stomach wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum daily dose of over-the-counter (OTC) famotidine in adults and children over 12 years of age?

    <p>40 mg per day (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was ranitidine withdrawn from the U.S. market in 2020?

    <p>The exact reason is not specified in the text (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of taking OTC famotidine 1 hour before an evening meal?

    <p>To prevent heartburn and indigestion in the evening and during bedtime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of PPIs over other acid reducers?

    <p>They are among the most effective medicines for the relief of heartburn (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should patients taking a PPI be advised not to take H2 antagonists at the same time?

    <p>Because H2 antagonists can reduce the efficacy of PPIs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action of a single treatment of PPI?

    <p>Up to 24 hours or more (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the brand name of famotidine that does not contain ranitidine?

    <p>Zantac 360 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom must always be regarded as serious in relation to swallowing?

    <p>Difficulty in swallowing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be an indication that pain is not caused by acid reflux?

    <p>Pain radiating to the arms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition could cause regurgitation without food passing into the stomach?

    <p>Esophageal stricture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is associated with causing heartburn in pregnant women due to lowering sphincter pressure?

    <p>Progesterone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point should a patient seek medical advice if symptoms have not responded to treatment?

    <p>After 1 week (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change during pregnancy contributes to heartburn?

    <p>Increase in intra-abdominal pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom associated with acid reflux occurs when swallowing hot drinks or irritant fluids?

    <p>Difficulty in swallowing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is not mentioned as a reason for referring a patient for medical consultation?

    <p>Pain related to physical activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is most effective for motion sickness prevention?

    <p>Anticholinergic agents and antihistamines that cross the blood-brain barrier (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often can Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) be taken?

    <p>Every 4-6 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of both anticholinergic agents and antihistamines?

    <p>Dry mouth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should be applied at least 3 hours before exposure to motion stimuli?

    <p>Scopolamine (Transderm-Scop) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heartburn treatment neutralizes acidity rather than preventing it?

    <p>Antacids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is indicated for long-term exposure to intense motion stimuli?

    <p>Scopolamine (Transderm-Scop) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum daily dosage of Dimenhydrinate?

    <p>400 mg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heartburn treatment inhibits pepsin, a proteolytic enzyme?

    <p>Antacids combined with alginates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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