Pharmacy Literature Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the literature discussed by Kwabena Ofori-Kwakye?

  • The historical development of pharmacy education
  • The integration of pharmacology and patient care
  • The sociocultural aspects of pharmacy literature (correct)
  • The impact of technology on prescription practices

    • Which of the following best describes the approach used by Kwabena Ofori-Kwakye in his examination of pharmacy literature?

  • A historical overview of pharmaceutical regulations
  • A systematic review of clinical pharmacology studies
  • A quantitative analysis of drug approval processes
  • A qualitative evaluation of pharmacy narratives (correct)

    • What aspect of pharmacy literature does Kwabena Ofori-Kwakye emphasize as significant?

  • The role of literature in shaping public health policies
  • The contributions of pharmacy literature to professional identity (correct)
  • The influence of literature on drug marketing strategies
  • The connection between literature and pharmaceutical ethics

    • In discussing the literature of pharmacy, which element is highlighted as a challenge for future research?

    <p>Interdisciplinary collaboration between pharmacy and literature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implication does Kwabena Ofori-Kwakye suggest about pharmacy literature in relation to public perception?

    <p>It plays a crucial role in shaping consumer beliefs about medications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do primary resources primarily contain?

    <p>Original reports of scientific studies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of secondary resources?

    <p>They are indexes and abstracts of primary resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of tertiary resources?

    <p>They offer a comprehensive discussion on drug topics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a pharmacopoeia from a formulary?

    <p>A pharmacopoeia provides more comprehensive information than a formulary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signifies the term 'tertiary resources'?

    <p>They are derived from primary and secondary literature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might tertiary resources be considered outmoded?

    <p>They can take time to publish updated editions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the British Pharmacopoeia?

    <p>It provides standards for purity and strength of medical substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of tertiary resources?

    <p>They cannot incorporate new information in a timely manner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the European Pharmacopoeia?

    <p>Helps standardize drug quality within the European Union (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately distinguishes a formulary?

    <p>It lists drugs commonly available in a hospital setting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT classified as a tertiary resource?

    <p>Research articles in journals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When were the current practices of the British Pharmaceutical Codex established?

    <p>1979, when it was incorporated into the Pharmaceutical Codex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essence of tertiary resources in practice?

    <p>They condense and summarize established knowledge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the British National Formulary (BNF)?

    <p>To serve as a standard reference for prescribing and dispensing drugs in Britain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Ghana National Drugs Policy aims to ensure what regarding essential drugs?

    <p>Their availability, accessibility, safety, efficacy, and quality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Standard Treatment Guidelines (STG)?

    <p>A guide for prescribers and pharmacists to provide quality care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often is Martindale's The Complete Drug Reference published?

    <p>Every 4 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important function does the United States Pharmacopoeia & National Formulary (USP-NF) serve?

    <p>Serving as the official pharmaceutical reference standard of the USA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is published every 5 years with periodic supplements?

    <p>United States Pharmacopoeia &amp; National Formulary (USP-NF) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which resource provides information on chemical names, formulas, and structures?

    <p>Merck Index (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of the Standard Treatment Guidelines (STG) compared to other resources?

    <p>It uses Recommended International Non-proprietary Names (rINN) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the British National Formulary include to aid in treatment choices?

    <p>Notes on different drug groups and their interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first volume of the Pharmacopoeia Internationalis published?

    <p>1951 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information is NOT typically found in the Merck Index?

    <p>Adverse effects of drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the first edition of the Ghana National Drugs Policy published?

    <p>1999 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document provides a comprehensive overview of pharmaceutical calculations and chemistry?

    <p>Remington's The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which publication would you likely find specifics about drug interactions and labeling information?

    <p>British National Formulary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Pharmacy Literature

    Written works that discuss pharmaceutical topics, including research and practice.

    Kwabena Ofori-Kwakye, Ph.D.

    An author and expert in pharmacy literature, contributing to the field through research.

    Pharmaceutical Research

    Systematic investigation aimed at discovering and improving drugs.

    Drug Development

    The process of bringing a new drug to the market after successful research.

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    Pharmacy Practice

    The science and practice of preparing, dispensing, and reviewing drugs.

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    Primary resources

    Research studies published in biomedical journals providing current drug information.

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    Secondary resources

    Indexes and abstracts that help quickly access primary resources.

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    Tertiary resources

    Condensed knowledge from primary literature, such as textbooks and handbooks.

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    Difference between pharmacopoeia and formulary

    A pharmacopoeia is comprehensive with drug standards, while a formulary lists medicines commonly stocked.

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    Advantages of tertiary resources

    Easy to use, provide expert reviews, and are often well-accepted in practice.

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    Disadvantages of tertiary resources

    May lag behind current info, limited space for topics, and hard copies can't update easily.

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    Pharmacopoeia

    An official list of drugs with directions for use and standards of purity.

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    Formulary

    A list of drugs or collections of formulas for medicinal preparations.

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    British Pharmacopoeia (BP)

    Standards of purity and strength for medical substances, published since 1864.

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    British Pharmaceutical Codex (BPC)

    An encyclopedia of drug information providing disease and medicine formulae, first published in 1907.

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    European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.)

    Standards created for drug circulation within the EU, taking precedence over BP standards.

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    Pharmacopoeial Monographs

    Descriptions of drug preparations within pharmacopoeias.

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    Accessing pharmaceutical resources

    Essential for pharmacy practice to ensure knowledge of drugs and therapeutics.

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    Importance of information resources

    Competency in using information sources is vital for pharmacy students and practitioners.

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    Ph.Int.

    Published by WHO for international pharmaceutical standards ensuring medicine safety and efficacy.

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    USP-NF

    Official pharmaceutical reference standard of the USA, published every 5 years, detailing drug storage, packaging, and assays.

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    Martindale’s Reference

    Authoritative global reference on drugs, providing detailed information on properties and effects.

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    British National Formulary (BNF)

    Joint publication for prescribing and dispensing drugs in Britain, updated twice yearly.

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    BNF Updates

    The BNF is updated in March and September to reflect new drug information.

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    Merck Index

    Reference for chemical names, formulas, structures, and drug categories, published every 6 to 10 years.

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    Remington’s Pharmacy

    Resource for extemporaneous preparations and pharmaceutical calculations, updated every 5 years.

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    Standard Treatment Guidelines (STG)

    Guidelines by Ghana's Ministry of Health for preferred treatments of common health problems.

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    Ghana National Drugs Policy

    Policy guiding Ghana’s pharmaceutical sector, ensuring access to essential drugs since 1999.

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    Drug Procurement

    Process of acquiring pharmaceuticals, included in Ghana's National Drugs Policy.

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    Quality Assurance

    Key element in Ghana's National Drugs Policy ensuring drugs meet safety standards.

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    Herbal Medicines

    Recognized under Ghana’s drug policy, focusing on local manufacturing and use.

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    Pharmaceutical Journals

    Essential resources like the Pharmaceutical Journal (UK) and Ghana Pharmaceutical Journal for research information.

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    Pharmaceutical Society of Ghana

    Local organization contributing to pharmacy practice and literature in Ghana.

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    Study Notes

    Literature of Pharmacy

    • Kwabena Ofori-Kwakye, PhD, is an Associate Professor, Vice-Dean, and Head of the Department of Pharmaceutics at FPPS, CHS, KNUST, Kumasi.
    • Contact information (phone number, email) for Kwabena Ofori-Kwakye is provided.

    Objectives

    • Understand the attributes and differences between primary, secondary, and tertiary information resources.
    • Recognize that tertiary information resources may exist in print, CD-ROM , online, or other formats.
    • Know the various types of pharmacopoeias available.
    • Understand the difference between a pharmacopoeia and a formulary.
    • Understand various pharmaceutical information resources of Ghanaian origin.
    • Know other information resources available to pharmacy students and practicing pharmacists.
    • Competency in using information sources is essential in pharmacy practice.
    • Students should be aware of different sources of pharmaceutical information.

    Types of Information Resources

    • Primary resources: research studies published in biomedical journals; most current drug information; original reports of scientific studies.
    • Secondary resources: indexes and abstracts for primary resources; valuable tools for quickly and selectively screening primary resources; provide users with concise tools for accessing primary literature.
    • Tertiary resources: core knowledge established from primary literature; accepted standards of practice in the pharmaceutical community; condensation of basic facts published in primary literature; examples include textbooks, monographs, compendia, handbooks, and published symposia.

    Advantages of Tertiary Resources

    • Commonly used because they are easy to use, concise, and compact.
    • Often provide a review of the literature by an expert in the field.
    • In hard copy or computerised versions (CD-ROMs), they are convenient and accessible.
    • Drug information is divided into specific subject areas to make it easier to use.
    • The information contained in tertiary resources is generally well-accepted within medical and pharmaceutical practice.

    Disadvantages of Tertiary Resources

    • Lag time (outdated editions), even in "new" editions.
    • Space limitations that prevent extensive discussion of a drug or topic.
    • Authors may emphasize limited information about a drug or topic.
    • Updated or new information cannot be inserted into a printed (hard copy) tertiary resource in a timely manner.

    Pharmacopoeias

    • Pharmacopoeia literally means "drug-making."
    • Officially published lists of drugs include directions for use and purity standards.
    • Descriptions of preparations are called monographs.
    • Usually published under governmental jurisdiction or a medical/pharmaceutical society.

    Formulary

    • A formulary is a list of drugs or collections of formulas for compounding medicinal preparations.
    • Hospital formularies list all drugs commonly stocked in a hospital pharmacy.
    • Pharmacopoeias generally provide more comprehensive information on drugs than a formulary.
    • Sometimes the terms 'pharmacopoeia' and 'formulary' are used interchangeably.

    British Pharmacopoeia (BP)

    • Book of purity and strength standards for medical substances, products, and dressings.
    • Assays and tests are 'official', along with directions, uses, etc.
    • Published by HMSO Books (London) based on Medicines Commission recommendations (Medicines Act, 1968).
    • First published in 1864.
    • The official source of British pharmaceutical standards, used in over 100 countries.

    British Pharmaceutical Codex (BPC) or Pharmaceutical Codex

    • Encyclopaedia of drug information, first published in 1907.
    • Prepared by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and published by the Pharmaceutical Press.
    • Provides entries on disease conditions, pharmaceutics, surgical dressings, and formulae.
    • Incorporated into the Pharmaceutical Codex since 1979.

    European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.)

    • Prepared under the auspices of the Council of Europe.
    • Created to facilitate the free circulation of drugs within the European Union.
    • Its standards can take precedence over those of the BP.

    International Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Int.)

    • Published by the WHO to provide recommended pharmaceutical standards for international use.
    • Helps in overall quality control and assurance of pharmaceuticals contributing to their safety and efficacy globally.
    • First volume published in 1951.

    United States Pharmacopoeia & National Formulary (USP-NF)

    • Official pharmaceutical reference standard of the USA.
    • Published every 5 years with periodic supplements.
    • Provides information on storage, packaging, labeling, reference standards, and assays.
    • USP: Drug substances and dosage forms
    • NF: Pharmaceutical ingredients.

    Martindale's (Extra Pharmacopoeia)

    • Authoritative reference book on drugs and medicines in current use worldwide.
    • First produced by William Martindale in 1883.
    • Provides detailed information on nomenclature, physical and pharmaceutical properties, adverse effects, actions, uses, etc.
    • Published by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain every 4 years.

    British National Formulary (BNF)

    • Joint publication of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (RPSGB) and the British Medical Association (BMA).
    • Standard reference for prescribing and dispensing drugs in Britain.
    • Intended as a pocket rapid reference book.
    • Includes a formulary for 'official' extemporaneous preparations and information on drug interactions, cautionary and advisory labels, etc.
    • Updated twice yearly (March and September).
    • Available on disk and CD-ROM, as the Electronic British National Formulary, and in an electronic web-based format.
    • Includes notes on different drug groups to aid in selecting appropriate treatments.

    Merck Index

    • Provides information on chemical name, formula, and structure.
    • Gives physical data and therapeutic category of drugs.
    • Published every 6 to 10 years.

    Remington's the Science and Practice of Pharmacy

    • Helpful for extemporaneous preparations.
    • Provides information on pharmaceutical calculations, chemistry, radioisotopes, etc.
    • New edition comes out every 5 years.

    Standard Treatment Guidelines (STG)

    • Prepared by the Ministry of Health, Ghana.
    • Current edition (6th edition) published in 2010.
    • First 3 editions (1988, 1993, 1996) were published as Essential Drugs List & National Formulary with Therapeutic Guidelines.
    • Last 3 editions (2000, 2004, 2010) published as Standard Treatment Guidelines.
    • Assistive tool for prescribers, pharmacists, and other healthcare staff to provide quality care to patients.
    • Lists preferred treatments for common health problems in the country.
    • Designed as a guide to treatment choices and as a reference book for patient management.
    • Useful for choosing appropriate treatments.
    • Uses the Recommended International Non-proprietary Name (rINN), in line with WHO recommendations.

    Ghana National Drugs Policy

    • Prepared by the Ministry of Health, Ghana.
    • First edition published in 1999.
    • Current edition (2nd edition) published in 2004.
    • Policy document to guide the pharmaceutical sector in Ghana.
    • Developed following consultations with relevant stakeholders in the pharmaceutical sector.
    • Goal of making essential drugs accessible to the population, ensuring their safety, efficacy, and quality, and promoting rational use by prescribers, dispensers, and consumers.

    Ghana National Drugs Policy - Elements

    • Legislation and regulatory control.
    • Drug registration.
    • Selection of essential drugs.
    • Local manufacture of pharmaceuticals & traditional medicines (including herbal medicines).
    • Drug procurement and supply management.
    • Quality assurance.
    • Co-ordination, monitoring, and evaluation.

    Other Pharmaceutical Information Resources

    • Pharmaceutical Journal (UK)
    • Ghana Pharmaceutical Journal
    • Ghana Herbal Pharmacopoeia
    • Index of New Products
    • Drug Tariff
    • New Prescription Products
    • Retail Chemists Trade Price List

    Drug Information Resources - Some Local Organizations

    Drug Information Resources - Some International Organizations

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    Literature of Pharmacy PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the various types of information resources in pharmacy, including primary, secondary, and tertiary sources. Discover the differences between pharmacopoeias and formularies, as well as explore Ghanaian pharmaceutical information resources. This quiz is essential for pharmacy students and practitioners alike.

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