Pharmacy Class Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following compounds is NOT a common ingredient in a Fehling's or Benedict's reagent used for detecting reducing sugars?

  • CuSO4
  • CaSO4
  • MgSO4 (correct)
  • NiSO4

    • What is the chemical formula for Plaster of Paris?

  • CaO
  • CaSO4.1 1/2H2O
  • (CaSO4)2.H2O (correct)
  • CaSO4

    • Which of the following elements is used in the form of thin foil to protect burns?

  • Al (correct)
  • Pd
  • Zn
  • Sn

    • Which of the following is NOT a property of acids?

    <p>pH above 7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the preferred drug to combat systemic acidosis?

    <p>NaHCO3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the antacid that causes "rebound" hyperacidity?

    <p>NaHCO3 &amp; CaCO3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these elements is NOT considered a salt-forming group?

    <p>Coinage metals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds evolves a gas with a fruity odor when treated with concentrated sulfuric acid and ethanol?

    <p>CH3COONa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why barium sulfate (BaSO4) can be used internally as a radiopaque agent without causing toxicity?

    <p>It does not dissociate in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a buffer system that has been modified to include NaCl to make it isotonic with physiologic fluid?

    <p>Sorensen phosphate buffer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a pharmaceutical inhalant officially recognized for treatment?

    <p>Carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is an orange-red sulfide insoluble in NH3 but soluble in excess (NH4)2S?

    <p>Sb2S3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct composition of “Artificial Air” used therapeutically to alleviate difficult respiration?

    <p>20% oxygen &amp; 80% helium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements forms a basic anhydride?

    <p>Mg (A), Na (B), Ca (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of simethicone in simethicone-containing antacids?

    <p>antifoaming agent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is used as a glucose tolerance factor?

    <p>Cr (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a chemical agent that stops bleeding by promoting clotting?

    <p>styptic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best radiopharmaceutical agent for bone imaging?

    <p>Tc99m etidronate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of anti-microbial action?

    <p>hydrolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion forms a white precipitate with HCl, dissolves in excess ammonium hydroxide, and reforms upon adding nitric acid?

    <p>silver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion produces a positive result in Rinman's Green Test?

    <p>zinc (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what law is the reaction rate directly proportional to the product of the reactant concentrations raised to their respective stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced equation?

    <p>Law of Mass Action (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent loses electrons in a redox reaction?

    <p>reducing agent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion produces an intense blue solution with excess ammonia and a reddish-brown precipitate with potassium ferrocyanide?

    <p>cupric (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a commonly used defoaming agent in some antacids to prevent flatulence?

    <p>Simethicone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of molarity?

    <p>The number of moles of solute per liter of solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of water is most commonly used as a solvent during the manufacture of parenterals?

    <p>Water for injection (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which quantum number describes the approximate size of an electron cloud?

    <p>Principal quantum number (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the ion product of a solution is less than its solubility product constant (Ksp), what is the state of the solution?

    <p>Unsaturated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid/conjugate base pair would function best as a buffer at physiological pH, approximately 7.4?

    <p>Dihydrogen phosphate / monhydrogen phosphate ion, -pKa = 6.86 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of structure is formed when a surfactant, a molecule with both polar and non-polar parts, interacts with itself?

    <p>Micelle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following water preparations requires its method of preparation to be indicated on the label?

    <p>Sterile water for injection, USP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is known as Tartar emetic, an effective antischistosomal agent?

    <p>KHC4H4O6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Slaked lime is chemically represented by which formula?

    <p>Ca(OH)2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism describes the antibacterial action of potassium permanganate solutions?

    <p>Oxidation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color describes the only magnesium ammonium phosphate, MgNH4PO4?

    <p>White (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for the white precipitate identified in pharmaceutical chemistry?

    <p>Calomel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause a radioactive substance to decay?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the time required for half of a quantity of a radioactive substance to decay?

    <p>Half-life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method can be used to induce crystallization in a supersaturated solution?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for different nuclides that possess the same mass number?

    <p>Isotopes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle states that it is impossible to accurately determine the position and momentum of an electron simultaneously?

    <p>Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT classified as a colligative property?

    <p>Melting point (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hund's rule, when electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy, how do they arrange themselves?

    <p>Spread out in different orbitals first (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the oxidation state of +5?

    <p>Na2Sn4O6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    BaSO4 Safety

    BaSO4 is safe internally because it does not dissociate in the GIT.

    Properties of Acids

    Acids taste sour, donate protons, and neutralize bases, but have a pH below 7.

    Systemic Acidosis Treatment

    KHCO3 is a drug of choice to combat systemic acidosis.

    Burn Treatment Material

    Thin foil of Aluminum is used for burn treatment due to fluid conservation properties.

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    Respiratory Enzyme Metals

    Iron and copper are key components of cytochrome oxidase in respiration.

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    Chemical Composition of Plaster of Paris

    Plaster of Paris is chemically represented as CaSO4.1 1/2H2O.

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    Pharmaceutical Inhalants

    Oxygen and nitrous oxide are considered official pharmaceutical inhalants.

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    Barium Sulfate Side Effects

    A major side effect of barium sulfate is constipation from its radiopaque suspension.

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    Ammoniated mercury

    Also known as calomel, it's a mercury compound used in pharmaceuticals.

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    Gamma rays

    High-energy rays with no mass or charge, known for strong penetration.

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    Rebound hyperacidity

    Condition caused by certain antacids that leads to increased stomach acidity.

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    Sulfide insoluble in NH3

    An orange-red compound that doesn't dissolve in ammonia but does in ammonium sulfide.

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    Artificial Air

    Therapeutic mixture of gases used to ease breathing, typically containing helium and oxygen.

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    Ionization potential

    The energy needed to remove an electron from a neutral atom.

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    Simethicone in antacids

    Used in antacids as an antiflatulent to relieve gas.

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    Glucose tolerance factor

    Chromium is known for its role in enhancing insulin sensitivity.

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    Molarity Definition

    The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

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    Defoaming Agent

    A compound added to some antacids to prevent flatulence.

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    Water for Injection

    Form of water used as a solvent during parenteral manufacturing.

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    Unsaturated Solution

    A solution where the ion product is less than the solubility product (Ksp).

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    Best Buffer Pair

    Pair functioning best at physiological pH: carbonic acid/bicarbonate.

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    Micelle Structure

    A complex structure with a surfactant having both polar and non-polar parts.

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    Triprotic Acid Example

    An acid that can donate three protons (H+).

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    Conformation Determination

    Common method for determining organic molecule conformation is NMR.

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    Tartar Emetic

    An effective antischistosomal agent, KHC4H4O6.

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    Slaked Lime

    Chemically represented as Ca(OH)2.

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    Potassium Permanganate

    Acts via oxidation, effectively killing bacteria.

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    MgNH4PO4

    The only white phosphate compound.

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    Tc-99m-Heptagluconate

    A radiopharmaceutical used for kidney imaging.

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    Unstable nucleus

    A nucleus that emits radiation and has a low proton-neutron ratio.

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    Half-life

    The time required for half of a radioactive substance to decay.

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    Supersaturated crystallization conditions

    Crystallization can be induced by stirring, seeding, or scratching the test tube.

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    Isotopes

    Nuclides having the same mass number but different numbers of neutrons.

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    Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

    You cannot determine simultaneously the position and momentum of an electron accurately.

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    Colligative properties

    Properties that depend on the number of solute particles, not their identity (e.g., freezing point depression).

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    Hund’s rule

    Electrons occupy degenerate orbitals singly before pairing up to minimize repulsion.

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    Reducing agent

    A substance that donates electrons and decreases in oxidation number during a chemical reaction.

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    Radiopharmaceutical for bone imaging

    Tc99m etidronate is a preferred radiopharmaceutical agent used for imaging bones.

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    Mechanisms of anti-microbial action

    Oxidation, halogenation, and hydrolysis are mechanisms, while precipitation is not.

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    Ion with white precipitate and HCl

    The ion silver forms a white precipitate with HCl, soluble in ammonium hydroxide and reprecipitates with nitric acid.

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    Positive result of Rinman’s Green Test

    The ion chromium gives a positive result with Rinman’s Green Test.

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    Law of Mass Action

    The law stating the reaction rate is proportional to reactants' concentrations raised to coefficients' power.

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    Oxidizing agent

    An agent that loses one or more electrons in a redox reaction.

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    Nickel ion color in solution

    The nickel ion in solution appears colored green.

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    Endothermic process

    A process or reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings.

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    Study Notes

    Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry

    • Ammoniated mercury: Also known as corrosive sublimate, a white precipitate.
    • Penetrating rays: Gamma rays possess high energy and excellent penetrating power.
    • Antacids: Some, like magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide, can cause rebound hyperacidity. Others include sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate.
    • Evolving gas: Acetic acid with ethanol evolves a fruity-smelling gas.
    • Sorensen phosphate buffer: A buffer system modified with NaCl for physiological isotonicity.
    • Orange-red sulfide: CdS is an orange-red sulfide insoluble in ammonia but soluble in excess ammonium sulfide.
    • Artificial Air: A mixture of 60% oxygen and 40% helium, used therapeutically for respiratory issues.
    • Energy required to remove an electron: Ionization potential.
    • Basic anhydrides: Most elements form basic anhydrides, except for sulfur.
    • Glucose tolerance factor: Chromium is used as a glucose tolerance factor.
    • Artificial element: Technetium was the first artificially produced element.
    • Barium sulfate: Insoluble in the GI tract, making it safe for internal use as a radiopaque.
    • Acids/Properties: Acids have sour tastes, are proton donors, and neutralize bases. A key property is a pH below 7. Potassium bicarbonate is a drug of choice for systemic acidosis.
    • Protective metal foil: Aluminum is used as a protective coating for burns.
    • Respiratory enzyme: Both iron and copper are components of cytochrome oxidase.
    • Plaster of Paris: Chemically, it is calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4·1/2H2O).
    • Inhalant gas: Oxygen, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide are gases used in inhalations, but some have official pharmaceutical inhalation status.
    • Salt-forming group: Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are salt-forming groups of elements.
    • Major side effect of barium sulfate: Constipation is the major side effect.
    • Antidiarrheal alum silicate: Kaolin is an antidiarrheal alum silicate.
    • Reducing sugar reagent: Copper(II) sulfate is found in Fehling's and Benedict's reagents used to detect reducing sugars.
    • Coefficient of expansion: Boron is a substance added to glass to improve its coefficient of expansion.
    • Vitamin for Calcium utilization: Vitamin D enhances calcium utilization in the body.
    • Element in hemoglobin: Iron is a crucial element in hemoglobin.
    • Universal antidote ingredient: Magnesium oxide (MgO) is another component of the universal antidote, besides activated charcoal and tannic acid.
    • Insulin element: Zinc is present in insulin.
    • Allotropes: Oxygen and ozone are allotropes (different forms of the same element).
    • Softest mineral: Talc is one of the softest minerals.
    • Hydrogen peroxide concentration: 10 volume hydrogen peroxide is equivalent to 3%.
    • Oxidizing agent: Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a powerful oxidizing agent.
    • Antiperspirant: Aluminum ions are effective astringents, protective, and antiperspirant agents.
    • Precipitated chalk: Calcium carbonate is precipitated chalk.
    • Cathartic and sequestering agent: Rochelle salt (sodium potassium tartrate) is a cathartic and a sequestering agent.
    • Surgical bone repair metal: Tantalum is used for surgical bone repair.
    • Astringent and emetic: Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) is blue vitriol, an effective astringent and emetic.
    • Intracellular fluid ions: Potassium and sodium are present in intracellular fluids.
    • Fungicide: Bordeaux mixture, containing copper sulfate, is a fungicide.
    • Diluents: Substances added to the main component of tablets to improve swallowing are diluents.
    • Bone imaging: Technetium-99m-labeled compounds are important radiopharmaceuticals for bone imaging.
    • Antimicrobial mechanism: Mechanisms include oxidation and halogenation.
    • Electronegative element: Fluorine is the most electronegative element.
    • White vitriol: Zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O) is white vitriol.
    • Respiratory element and preservative: Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is a meat preservative.
    • Electrolyte replenisher: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an essential electrolyte replenisher in dehydration.
    • Cream of Tartar: Potassium bitartrate (KHC4H4O7).
    • Hygroscopic substance: A substance that absorbs water from the atmosphere without dissolving is hygroscopic (e.g. silica gel).
    • General anesthetic: Nitrous oxide is used as a general anesthetic.
    • Laughing gas: Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is also known as laughing gas.
    • Native hydrous magnesium silicate: Talc is a native hydrous magnesium silicate.
    • Prussian blue precipitate: Ferrous ions form a Prussian blue precipitate with potassium ferrocyanide.
    • Antidiarrheal mechanism: Carbon acts as an adsorbent of substances, thereby reducing diarrhea.
    • Radiopharmaceutical: Technetium-99m compounds are commonly used.
    • Amalgams: Alloys of mercury are known as amalgams.
    • Electronegative element: The element is Fluorine.
    • Calomel: Mercury(I) chloride (Hg2Cl2) is known as calomel.
    • Endothermic reaction characteristic: Involves absorbing heat.
    • Aluminum reagent: Aluminum salt of aurin tricarboxylic acid.
    • Inert gas: Krypton is an inert gas with anesthetic properties.
    • Ferrous/ferric ion reactions: Ferrous ions form a white precipitate with hydrochloric acid which blackens with ammonia, ferric ions form a purple solution with sodium bismuthate, and give a Prussian blue precipitate with potassium ferrocyanide..
    • Diluents: Substances added to improve swallowing and consistency in tablets.
    • Radiopharmaceutical Agent: Technetium-99m-labeled compounds are important agents in bone imaging procedures.
    • Electrolytes: Substances which are a strong conductor of electricity.
    • Buffers: Solutions resisting pH changes.
    • Inorganic compounds as protective agents: Substances like Kaolin and zinc oxide can be used as protective agents.
    • Laughing gas: Nitrous oxide.
    • Metal for nerve repair: Tantalum is used for nerve and muscle repair.
    • Compound properties: Certain inorganic compounds like calcium sulfate have hygroscopic properties.
    • Inorganic acid and base combination: Salts are formed by the reaction between an inorganic acid and an inorganic base.
    • Radioisotopes in solutions: Some radioisotopes are useful in medical applications.
    • Chemical equilibrium: A state in which two opposing chemical reactions proceed at the same rate.
    • Periodicity in elements: Trends across periods or groups in properties such as electron affinity and electronegativity.
    • Most abundant metal: Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust.
    • Metal compound: Magnesium carbonate is an important chemical compound.

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    Module 1 Quiz PDF

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    Test your knowledge of important pharmaceutical compounds, their properties, and applications. This quiz covers various topics including reagents, chemical formulas, and drug properties relevant to the field of pharmacy. Perfect for students looking to assess their understanding of pharmaceutical science.

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