Pharmacy Class Quiz

Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry

• Ammoniated mercury: Also known as corrosive sublimate, a white precipitate.
• Penetrating rays: Gamma rays possess high energy and excellent penetrating power.
• Antacids: Some, like magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide, can cause rebound hyperacidity. Others include sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate.
• Evolving gas: Acetic acid with ethanol evolves a fruity-smelling gas.
• Sorensen phosphate buffer: A buffer system modified with NaCl for physiological isotonicity.
• Orange-red sulfide: CdS is an orange-red sulfide insoluble in ammonia but soluble in excess ammonium sulfide.
• Artificial Air: A mixture of 60% oxygen and 40% helium, used therapeutically for respiratory issues.
• Energy required to remove an electron: Ionization potential.
• Basic anhydrides: Most elements form basic anhydrides, except for sulfur.
• Glucose tolerance factor: Chromium is used as a glucose tolerance factor.
• Artificial element: Technetium was the first artificially produced element.
• Barium sulfate: Insoluble in the GI tract, making it safe for internal use as a radiopaque.
• Acids/Properties: Acids have sour tastes, are proton donors, and neutralize bases. A key property is a pH below 7. Potassium bicarbonate is a drug of choice for systemic acidosis.
• Protective metal foil: Aluminum is used as a protective coating for burns.
• Respiratory enzyme: Both iron and copper are components of cytochrome oxidase.
• Plaster of Paris: Chemically, it is calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4·1/2H2O).
• Inhalant gas: Oxygen, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide are gases used in inhalations, but some have official pharmaceutical inhalation status.
• Salt-forming group: Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are salt-forming groups of elements.
• Major side effect of barium sulfate: Constipation is the major side effect.
• Antidiarrheal alum silicate: Kaolin is an antidiarrheal alum silicate.
• Reducing sugar reagent: Copper(II) sulfate is found in Fehling's and Benedict's reagents used to detect reducing sugars.
• Coefficient of expansion: Boron is a substance added to glass to improve its coefficient of expansion.
• Vitamin for Calcium utilization: Vitamin D enhances calcium utilization in the body.
• Element in hemoglobin: Iron is a crucial element in hemoglobin.
• Universal antidote ingredient: Magnesium oxide (MgO) is another component of the universal antidote, besides activated charcoal and tannic acid.
• Insulin element: Zinc is present in insulin.
• Allotropes: Oxygen and ozone are allotropes (different forms of the same element).
• Softest mineral: Talc is one of the softest minerals.
• Hydrogen peroxide concentration: 10 volume hydrogen peroxide is equivalent to 3%.
• Oxidizing agent: Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a powerful oxidizing agent.
• Antiperspirant: Aluminum ions are effective astringents, protective, and antiperspirant agents.
• Precipitated chalk: Calcium carbonate is precipitated chalk.
• Cathartic and sequestering agent: Rochelle salt (sodium potassium tartrate) is a cathartic and a sequestering agent.
• Surgical bone repair metal: Tantalum is used for surgical bone repair.
• Astringent and emetic: Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) is blue vitriol, an effective astringent and emetic.
• Intracellular fluid ions: Potassium and sodium are present in intracellular fluids.
• Fungicide: Bordeaux mixture, containing copper sulfate, is a fungicide.
• Diluents: Substances added to the main component of tablets to improve swallowing are diluents.
• Bone imaging: Technetium-99m-labeled compounds are important radiopharmaceuticals for bone imaging.
• Antimicrobial mechanism: Mechanisms include oxidation and halogenation.
• Electronegative element: Fluorine is the most electronegative element.
• White vitriol: Zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O) is white vitriol.
• Respiratory element and preservative: Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is a meat preservative.
• Electrolyte replenisher: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an essential electrolyte replenisher in dehydration.
• Cream of Tartar: Potassium bitartrate (KHC4H4O7).
• Hygroscopic substance: A substance that absorbs water from the atmosphere without dissolving is hygroscopic (e.g. silica gel).
• General anesthetic: Nitrous oxide is used as a general anesthetic.
• Laughing gas: Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is also known as laughing gas.
• Native hydrous magnesium silicate: Talc is a native hydrous magnesium silicate.
• Prussian blue precipitate: Ferrous ions form a Prussian blue precipitate with potassium ferrocyanide.
• Antidiarrheal mechanism: Carbon acts as an adsorbent of substances, thereby reducing diarrhea.
• Radiopharmaceutical: Technetium-99m compounds are commonly used.
• Amalgams: Alloys of mercury are known as amalgams.
• Electronegative element: The element is Fluorine.
• Calomel: Mercury(I) chloride (Hg2Cl2) is known as calomel.
• Endothermic reaction characteristic: Involves absorbing heat.
• Aluminum reagent: Aluminum salt of aurin tricarboxylic acid.
• Inert gas: Krypton is an inert gas with anesthetic properties.
• Ferrous/ferric ion reactions: Ferrous ions form a white precipitate with hydrochloric acid which blackens with ammonia, ferric ions form a purple solution with sodium bismuthate, and give a Prussian blue precipitate with potassium ferrocyanide..
• Diluents: Substances added to improve swallowing and consistency in tablets.
• Radiopharmaceutical Agent: Technetium-99m-labeled compounds are important agents in bone imaging procedures.
• Electrolytes: Substances which are a strong conductor of electricity.
• Buffers: Solutions resisting pH changes.
• Inorganic compounds as protective agents: Substances like Kaolin and zinc oxide can be used as protective agents.
• Laughing gas: Nitrous oxide.
• Metal for nerve repair: Tantalum is used for nerve and muscle repair.
• Compound properties: Certain inorganic compounds like calcium sulfate have hygroscopic properties.
• Inorganic acid and base combination: Salts are formed by the reaction between an inorganic acid and an inorganic base.
• Radioisotopes in solutions: Some radioisotopes are useful in medical applications.
• Chemical equilibrium: A state in which two opposing chemical reactions proceed at the same rate.
• Periodicity in elements: Trends across periods or groups in properties such as electron affinity and electronegativity.
• Most abundant metal: Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust.
• Metal compound: Magnesium carbonate is an important chemical compound.