Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry Concepts

Potassium bitartrate is commonly used as an ingredient in baking powder due to its ability to react with baking soda to produce carbon dioxide bubbles, which help cakes and bread rise.

Zinc Oxide is a naturally occurring compound used in medicine due to its soothing properties. It is often used to treat diaper rash and sunburns as a protective barrier and mild astringent.

A hygroscopic substance absorbs and retains water molecules from the environment but doesn't dissolve in it. Think of a sponge soaking up water.

Ammonia is a natural chemical used as a respiratory stimulant, helping to increase breathing effort.

A disinfectant is used to kill bacteria and other microorganisms on inanimate objects, like surfaces or instruments.

Nitrous oxide, often called laughing gas, is used as a general anesthetic, temporarily putting patients to sleep during procedures.

Saline cathartics are laxatives that work by increasing osmotic pressure in the gut, causing more water to be drawn into the intestines, leading to bowel movement.

Argon is an inert gas with no color, odor, or taste. It is known to induce a temporary state of unconsciousness when inhaled in sufficient quantities.

Iron (II) ions, also known as ferrous ions, react with potassium ferricyanide to form a characteristic blue precipitate called Turnbull's Blue. This reaction helps identify the presence of ferrous ions.

Silver ions react with hydrochloric acid to produce a white precipitate, but upon adding ammonium hydroxide, this precipitate turns black, indicating the presence of silver ions.

Manganese ions produce a purple solution when reacted with sodium bismuthate. This reaction helps identify the presence of manganese ions.

Talc is a naturally occurring mineral composed of hydrous magnesium silicate. It is used in a variety of industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food products.

Ferric ions, also known as Iron (III) ions, react with potassium ferrocyanide to produce a dark blue precipitate called Prussian Blue.

pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It is commonly used to express the hydrogen ion concentration (H+).

The isotope Chromium-51 (Cr-51) is used to determine the volume of red blood cells and total blood volume. It is a radioactive tracer that allows researchers to track the movement of blood cells.

Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) is an amphoteric compound, capable of acting as both an acid and a base. This property prevents excessive alkalinity in the body.

Sodium iodide (I-125) is a radioactive tracer used in thyroid function studies. It helps to determine the activity of the thyroid gland and diagnose thyroid diseases.

A strong electrolyte is a substance that readily dissociates into ions in solution, resulting in high electrical conductivity.

The chemical properties of elements depend on their electrons, which determine how they interact with other atoms to form bonds.

The magnetic quantum number (ml) describes the spatial orientation of the electron cloud around the nucleus. Think of the different directions the electron 'cloud' can be pointed.

A conjugate base is the species formed when an acid donates a proton (H+). Think of the 'left-behind' molecule after the proton is gone.

A deliquescent substance absorbs moisture from the atmosphere and dissolves in it, forming a solution. This is a more extreme form of hygroscopy.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that can bind to hemoglobin in the blood, preventing oxygen transport, leading to suffocation. This is called asphyxial death.

Oxidizing agents accept electrons in a redox reaction. They are reduced in the process, while the other species is oxidized.

The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons (atomic number) and neutrons in its nucleus. This represents the atom's total mass, excluding electrons which are much lighter.