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Questions and Answers
What are the common underlying etiologies of heart failure?
What are the common underlying etiologies of heart failure?
- Autoimmune, neoplastic, and degenerative causes
- Genetic, infectious, and traumatic causes
- Inflammatory, hormonal, and metabolic causes
- Ischemic, nonischemic, and idiopathic causes (correct)
What is the pathophysiological relation of heart failure to the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system & the sympathetic nervous system?
What is the pathophysiological relation of heart failure to the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system & the sympathetic nervous system?
- Activation of both systems contributes to the pathophysiology of heart failure (correct)
- Activation of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system alone leads to heart failure
- Activation of the sympathetic nervous system alone leads to heart failure
- Neither system is related to the pathophysiology of heart failure
How does the American Heart Association define heart failure?
How does the American Heart Association define heart failure?
- As a complex clinical syndrome resulting from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood (correct)
- As a simple clinical syndrome resulting from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood
- As a simple clinical syndrome resulting from impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood
- As a complex clinical syndrome resulting from impairment of atrial filling or ejection of blood
Which class of oral hypoglycemic agents acts by increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues?
Which class of oral hypoglycemic agents acts by increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues?
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Which type of insulin has a rapid onset of action and is typically administered just before a meal?
Which type of insulin has a rapid onset of action and is typically administered just before a meal?
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Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream?
Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream?
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Why should sulfonylureas not be used during pregnancy?
Why should sulfonylureas not be used during pregnancy?
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Which type of insulin has a prolonged duration of action and is often used as a basal insulin?
Which type of insulin has a prolonged duration of action and is often used as a basal insulin?
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