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Pharmacotherapy I: Heart Failure

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for A.J.'s admission to the hospital?

To investigate his symptoms of shortness of breath and weight gain (correct)
To treat his osteoarthritis
To monitor his depression
To manage his hypertension

What is the significance of A.J.'s orthopnea?

It is a sign of his heartburn
It is a manifestation of left ventricular failure (correct)
It is a side effect of his medication for osteoarthritis
It is a symptom of his depression

What is the likely explanation for A.J.'s hepatojugular reflux?

Chronic liver disease
Left heart failure
Portal hypertension
Right heart failure (correct)

What is the primary reason for the higher prevalence of heart failure in the Middle East compared to international averages?

Valvular heart disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of A.J.'s cyanosis?

Cardiac failure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of A.J.'s S3 gallop?

It is a sign of cardiac failure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of congested heart failure?

Symptoms of congestion and edema (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of heart failure in the Middle East?

Ischemic heart disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between HFrEF and HFpEF?

Systolic vs. diastolic dysfunction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of heart failure in terms of ventricular function?

Both reduced ability of the ventricles to be filled with and eject blood (B) Signup and view all the answers

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