Pharmacotherapy IX (PHAR 9969): CNS Module Lecture 01-10-24 Antidepressants MOA

What is the leading cause of disability in the U.S. for ages 15-44?

Depression

What is the lifetime prevalence of depression in women compared to men?

Twice the rate

What percentage of depressed people are likely to commit suicide?

15%

What is the total economic toll of depression in the U.S. annually?

$100 billion Signup and view all the answers

What is the Monoamine hypothesis related to?

Depression Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter system is discussed in the objectives related to depression?

Serotonergic system Signup and view all the answers

Which co-morbidities occur more frequently in women?

Anxiety disorders and eating disorders Signup and view all the answers

What do women respond better to in terms of treatment for depression?

Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is responsible for metabolizing the neurotransmitter monoamine?

MAO Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter deficiency can cause depression?

Serotonin (5-HT) Signup and view all the answers

What is implicated in the alterations in the norepinephrine (NE) system in depression?

α2-adrenergic autoreceptors and decreased NE transporter binding sites Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with an increased risk of developing mood disorders?

Experiencing significant life events at an early age Signup and view all the answers

What is often disrupted in patients with depression?

Circadian rhythms Signup and view all the answers

What gets shorter as the night goes on in depressed patients?

REM periods Signup and view all the answers

"Stress-induced psychiatric disorders" involve which axis?

"Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA)" Axis Signup and view all the answers

Where are the CRH axons/terminals localized in human brain?

Locus Coeruleus and raphe n. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'neuraxis' refer to in the context of neuroanatomy?

A line beginning at the base of the spinal cord and ending at the front of the brain Signup and view all the answers

Which component is part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) according to the text?

Sympathetic division Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the somatic nervous system in the nervous system?

Controls voluntary muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the autonomic system is responsible for 'rest and digest' functions?

Parasympathetic division Signup and view all the answers

Where are the soma of sensory afferent nerves located?

Dorsal root ganglia Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?

Central nervous system (CNS) Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system dominates during times of stress, excitement, and exertion?

Sympathetic division Signup and view all the answers

Where are the soma of efferent parasympathetic neurons located?

In the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Decrease respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What do several cranial nerves innervate, making them part of the autonomic nervous system?

Glands and organs Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of tissue covers and protects the brain and spinal cord?

Meninges Signup and view all the answers

What does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system stimulate during times of stress?

Heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Where do the axons of efferent sympathetic nerves synapse with cells?

Near the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is regulated by the autonomic nervous system?

Digestion and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?

Are quite short and release acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers