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Questions and Answers
What is the reversible airflow obstruction in asthma caused by?
What is the reversible airflow obstruction in asthma caused by?
What occurs during the late asthmatic response?
What occurs during the late asthmatic response?
What is a characteristic of the early asthmatic response?
What is a characteristic of the early asthmatic response?
What is the condition in which bronchospasm is not reversed by usual measures?
What is the condition in which bronchospasm is not reversed by usual measures?
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What is a common symptom of asthma?
What is a common symptom of asthma?
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What is a sign of impending death in asthma?
What is a sign of impending death in asthma?
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What is a consequence of untreated asthma?
What is a consequence of untreated asthma?
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What is the rate of breathing in asthma?
What is the rate of breathing in asthma?
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What is the main anatomical structure affected in chronic bronchitis?
What is the main anatomical structure affected in chronic bronchitis?
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Which of the following lung disorders is characterized by the destruction of alveoli?
Which of the following lung disorders is characterized by the destruction of alveoli?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of asthma?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of asthma?
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Which of the following is a common trigger for asthma attacks?
Which of the following is a common trigger for asthma attacks?
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What type of lung disease is characterized by difficulty exhaling due to airway obstruction?
What type of lung disease is characterized by difficulty exhaling due to airway obstruction?
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Which of the following conditions is NOT classified as an obstructive lung disease?
Which of the following conditions is NOT classified as an obstructive lung disease?
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What is the primary function of alveoli in the lungs?
What is the primary function of alveoli in the lungs?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of restrictive lung diseases?
Which of the following is a characteristic of restrictive lung diseases?
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Which of the following is a medical management strategy for status asthmaticus?
Which of the following is a medical management strategy for status asthmaticus?
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What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes status asthmaticus from a regular asthma attack?
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes status asthmaticus from a regular asthma attack?
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Which of the following medications is typically used for the acute treatment of bronchospasm in asthma?
Which of the following medications is typically used for the acute treatment of bronchospasm in asthma?
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What is the primary mechanism by which leukotriene modifiers, such as montelukast, exert their therapeutic effect in asthma?
What is the primary mechanism by which leukotriene modifiers, such as montelukast, exert their therapeutic effect in asthma?
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Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing status asthmaticus?
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing status asthmaticus?
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What is the primary physiological effect of ipratropium in the respiratory system?
What is the primary physiological effect of ipratropium in the respiratory system?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive pulmonary disease?
Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive pulmonary disease?
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What is the primary function of the bronchodilators used in the management of asthma?
What is the primary function of the bronchodilators used in the management of asthma?
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What is a characteristic of chronic bronchitis?
What is a characteristic of chronic bronchitis?
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What is a possible cause of asthma?
What is a possible cause of asthma?
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What is the name of the condition in which alveoli are destroyed?
What is the name of the condition in which alveoli are destroyed?
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What percentage of Canadians over the age of 12 have been diagnosed with asthma?
What percentage of Canadians over the age of 12 have been diagnosed with asthma?
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What is a possible consequence of uncontrolled asthma?
What is a possible consequence of uncontrolled asthma?
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What is the definition of asthma?
What is the definition of asthma?
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What is a common type of asthma?
What is a common type of asthma?
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What is a characteristic of chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa?
What is a characteristic of chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa?
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What is the primary characteristic of an asthma attack?
What is the primary characteristic of an asthma attack?
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What is the period between the early and late asthmatic responses?
What is the period between the early and late asthmatic responses?
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What is a sign of airway remodeling in asthma?
What is a sign of airway remodeling in asthma?
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What is the definition of status asthmaticus?
What is the definition of status asthmaticus?
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What is a common symptom of an asthma attack?
What is a common symptom of an asthma attack?
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What is a consequence of untreated asthma?
What is a consequence of untreated asthma?
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What is a life-threatening sign of asthma?
What is a life-threatening sign of asthma?
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What is the rate of breathing in asthma?
What is the rate of breathing in asthma?
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Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for status asthmaticus?
Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for status asthmaticus?
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What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes status asthmaticus from a regular asthma attack?
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes status asthmaticus from a regular asthma attack?
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Which of the following is a common symptom of status asthmaticus?
Which of the following is a common symptom of status asthmaticus?
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What is the primary pharmacological treatment for status asthmaticus?
What is the primary pharmacological treatment for status asthmaticus?
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What is the role of systemic corticosteroids in the management of status asthmaticus?
What is the role of systemic corticosteroids in the management of status asthmaticus?
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Which of the following is a potential complication of status asthmaticus?
Which of the following is a potential complication of status asthmaticus?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of nursing management for a patient with status asthmaticus?
Which of the following is NOT a component of nursing management for a patient with status asthmaticus?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of status asthmaticus?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of status asthmaticus?
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Study Notes
Oral Candidiasis and Symptoms Relief
- Oral candidiasis, hoarseness, and dry cough can be alleviated through space and gargling techniques.
Asthma Pharmacotherapy
- Leukotriene modifiers (e.g., montelukast) block potent bronchoconstrictors and have anti-inflammatory effects, but are not effective for acute attacks.
- Bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol) are effective for acute bronchospasm with onset within minutes and a duration of 4-8 hours.
- Anticholinergics (e.g., ipratropium) block acetylcholine and may cause dry mouth.
Status Asthmaticus
- A severe asthma attack that does not respond to bronchodilators.
- Common triggers include upper respiratory infections, allergen exposure, and reduced anti-inflammatory medication.
Pathophysiology and Effects
- Pulmonary effects: Increased airway resistance.
- Cardiovascular effects may be present alongside pulmonary symptoms.
Assessment and Diagnosis
- Symptoms include cough, wheezing, dyspnea, and worsened pulmonary function test results.
Medical Management
- Administer bronchodilators (e.g., salbutamol) and systemic corticosteroids (IV every 4-6 hours).
- Provide oxygen therapy to maintain 90% saturation, possibly use intubation and mechanical ventilation if severe.
- IV fluids may be necessary in critical cases.
Nursing Management
- Focus on optimizing oxygenation and ventilation.
- Offer comfort and emotional support to patients and their families.
- Maintain surveillance for potential complications.
Asthma Characteristics
- Bronchial hyperresponsiveness causes episodic bronchospasm, inflammation, mucosal edema, and increased mucus production.
- Early asthmatic response includes vasodilation, mucosal edema, and bronchospasm.
- Late response occurs 4-8 hours later, involving immune cell recruitment, airway scarring, and impaired mucociliary function.
Clinical Manifestations
- Patients may be asymptomatic between attacks, but experience chest constriction, wheezing, dyspnea, nonproductive cough, prolonged expiration, tachycardia, and tachypnea during episodes.
- Status asthmaticus can become life-threatening and presents ominous signs, including "silent chest" and elevated PaCO2 levels.
Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema
- Chronic bronchitis involves long-term inflammation of the bronchi, resulting in excessive mucus production and respiratory difficulties.
- Emphysema causes destruction and irreversible damage to alveoli, leading to decreased respiratory function and breathlessness.
Asthma Overview
- Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by swollen and inflamed airways, muscle tightening, and increased mucus production, causing airway hyper-responsiveness.
- Symptoms include wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough.
Prevalence and Significance
- Approximately 8% of Canadians over 12 years old are diagnosed with asthma.
- About 11% visit an emergency department annually for asthma-related issues.
- Only 34% report having their asthma well-controlled.
Common Triggers for Asthma
- Allergens, viral respiratory infections, sinusitis, exercise, cold dry air, stress, and various medications can exacerbate asthma symptoms.
Oral Candidiasis and Symptoms Relief
- Oral candidiasis, hoarseness, and dry cough can be alleviated through space and gargling techniques.
Asthma Pharmacotherapy
- Leukotriene modifiers (e.g., montelukast) block potent bronchoconstrictors and have anti-inflammatory effects, but are not effective for acute attacks.
- Bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol) are effective for acute bronchospasm with onset within minutes and a duration of 4-8 hours.
- Anticholinergics (e.g., ipratropium) block acetylcholine and may cause dry mouth.
Status Asthmaticus
- A severe asthma attack that does not respond to bronchodilators.
- Common triggers include upper respiratory infections, allergen exposure, and reduced anti-inflammatory medication.
Pathophysiology and Effects
- Pulmonary effects: Increased airway resistance.
- Cardiovascular effects may be present alongside pulmonary symptoms.
Assessment and Diagnosis
- Symptoms include cough, wheezing, dyspnea, and worsened pulmonary function test results.
Medical Management
- Administer bronchodilators (e.g., salbutamol) and systemic corticosteroids (IV every 4-6 hours).
- Provide oxygen therapy to maintain 90% saturation, possibly use intubation and mechanical ventilation if severe.
- IV fluids may be necessary in critical cases.
Nursing Management
- Focus on optimizing oxygenation and ventilation.
- Offer comfort and emotional support to patients and their families.
- Maintain surveillance for potential complications.
Asthma Characteristics
- Bronchial hyperresponsiveness causes episodic bronchospasm, inflammation, mucosal edema, and increased mucus production.
- Early asthmatic response includes vasodilation, mucosal edema, and bronchospasm.
- Late response occurs 4-8 hours later, involving immune cell recruitment, airway scarring, and impaired mucociliary function.
Clinical Manifestations
- Patients may be asymptomatic between attacks, but experience chest constriction, wheezing, dyspnea, nonproductive cough, prolonged expiration, tachycardia, and tachypnea during episodes.
- Status asthmaticus can become life-threatening and presents ominous signs, including "silent chest" and elevated PaCO2 levels.
Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema
- Chronic bronchitis involves long-term inflammation of the bronchi, resulting in excessive mucus production and respiratory difficulties.
- Emphysema causes destruction and irreversible damage to alveoli, leading to decreased respiratory function and breathlessness.
Asthma Overview
- Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by swollen and inflamed airways, muscle tightening, and increased mucus production, causing airway hyper-responsiveness.
- Symptoms include wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough.
Prevalence and Significance
- Approximately 8% of Canadians over 12 years old are diagnosed with asthma.
- About 11% visit an emergency department annually for asthma-related issues.
- Only 34% report having their asthma well-controlled.
Common Triggers for Asthma
- Allergens, viral respiratory infections, sinusitis, exercise, cold dry air, stress, and various medications can exacerbate asthma symptoms.
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Description
This quiz covers the pharmacological management of respiratory conditions, including oral candidiasis and asthma. Learn about the different medications used to alleviate symptoms and improve breathing.
