Pharmacology: Sympathomimetic and Sympatholytic Drugs

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Questions and Answers

What effect does increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) have on the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)?

  • It has no effect on the PNS.
  • It stimulates the release of acetylcholine.
  • It decreases the activity of the PNS. (correct)
  • It increases the activity of the PNS.

Which of these is NOT a direct effect of activating beta-receptors?

  • Vasodilation
  • Vasoconstriction (correct)
  • Increased force of heart contractions
  • Increased heart rate

Which of the following drugs is an example of an alpha-blocker?

  • Prazosin (correct)
  • Propranolol
  • Atenolol
  • Metoprolol

How do alpha-blockers affect blood vessels?

<p>They cause vasodilation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions might require medical consultation, according to the text?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of beta-blockers on the heart?

<p>Decreased heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the relationship between the SNS and PNS?

<p>They have an antagonistic relationship, with one system suppressing the activity of the other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

Part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate and blood vessel constriction.

Increased SNS Activity

Leads to decreased PNS activity, vasoconstriction, pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and stronger heart contractions.

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)

Part of the autonomic nervous system that promotes relaxation and conservation of energy.

Alpha-receptors

Receptors that cause vasoconstriction and pupil dilation when activated.

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Beta-receptors

Receptors that increase heart rate, heart contraction strength, and cause vasodilation when activated.

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Alpha-blockers

Medications that reduce vasoconstriction and are used for conditions like BPH.

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Beta-blockers

Medications that reduce heart rate and contraction strength, causing potential vasodilation.

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Hypertension

A condition where blood vessels constrict, potentially leading to high blood pressure.

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Study Notes

Sympathomimetic Drugs

  • Decrease PNS
  • Alpha receptors
    • Constrict blood vessels
    • Dilate pupils
  • Beta receptors
    • Increase heart rate
    • Increase force of contraction

Sympatholytic Drugs

  • Decrease SNS
  • Alpha blockers
    • Prazosin
    • Tamsulosin (Flomax)
    • Terazosin
  • Beta blockers
    • Metoprolol
    • Atenolol
    • Propranolol
    • Use with caution in patients with asthma or COPD
    • Use with caution in diabetics

Blood Pressure

  • Systolic > 100
  • Do not give beta-blockers with asthma or COPD

Hypoglycemia

  • Causes unawareness
  • Systolic > 100 or symptoms need urgent medical attention

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