Pharmacology: Routes of Drug Administration

<p>They cancel out to achieve the correct unit of measure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The desired unit of the dosage required (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 mL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are primarily used to relieve anxiety and treat insomnia related to anxiety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Place the desired unit of measure on the left side of the equation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It diminishes withdrawal symptoms and reduces cravings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It results in rapid and effective absorption of medications. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intravenous injection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper outer quadrant of the buttock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide a slow, sustained rate of absorption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight and Height Method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 mL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides quick access to the circulatory system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administering at a preferred site (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The abdomen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides immediate effects of the medication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evaluate the drug's efficacy and monitor adverse reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>300 to 3,000 volunteers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Project Manager (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase 3 trials assess treatment effectiveness, whereas Phase 4 focuses mainly on safety and efficacy post-marketing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 to 4 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the numerator to cancel unwanted labels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The drug’s absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They assess drug safety and efficacy in the general population post-marketing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25-30% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Review all clinical study information and data throughout the trial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It offers rapid absorption without first-pass metabolism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desired Over Have Method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intravenous injection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper extremity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sustained release with slower absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide immediate relief by causing rapid sedation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ratio and Proportion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can result in quicker absorption compared to subcutaneous injections. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are canceled out during the process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensure that all units of measure coincide in the numerator and denominator. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thrombosis and thrombophlebitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Graphical Calculation Method (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 mL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper limbs are less likely to be used for prolonged IV access. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Write the desired unit of measure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alleviating insomnia triggered by anxiety. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By decreasing withdrawal symptoms and cravings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It uses conversion factors to cancel out unwanted units. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide daily treatment for heart failure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces the chance for errors by focusing on units. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To gather comprehensive data on potential adverse reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensures that the units of measurement cancel properly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25-30% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reviewing the preclinical study data for consistency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To detect less common side effects more effectively (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coordinates the team’s activities and timelines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volume needed in the numerator based on concentration in the denominator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-term efficacy and rare side effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By focusing on the drug’s metabolic processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drug administration through the digestive tract (e.g., oral, rectal).

Medication given through the rectum, often for rapid absorption.

Direct injection of medication into a vein.

Drug breakdown by the liver before reaching systemic circulation.

Injection into a muscle to achieve a localized or systemic effect.

Preferred site for IM injections in the buttock.

Injection into the fatty tissue below the skin.

A method for calculating drug dosages using proportions.

Methods for calculating the correct amount of medication needed.

Method for calculating drug dosage using a formula, (desired dose/ available dose) x quantity,

A method to solve drug dosage calculations using conversion factors.

Relationships between different units of measurement (e.g., milligrams to milliliters).

Calculating the correct amount of a drug to administer.

Mathematical equation using conversion factors, starting with the desired unit.

The amount of medicine needed to treat a patient.

Amount of drug in a given volume (e.g., mg/mL).

Steps in the Dimensional Analysis Method for drug dosage calculations.

Quantifiable measurements, such as mg, mL, or grams.

A medicine used to treat anxiety and alcohol withdrawal.

A medication for heart failure.

Place the desired dose amount in the numerator; this cancels out unwanted units.

Multiply across the numerator, multiply across the denominator divide the numerator total by the denominator total for the final answer.

Clinical research involving 300-3,000 volunteers, testing efficacy and adverse reactions for 1-4 years.

Clinical research involving several thousand volunteers, focused on long-term safety and efficacy.

A team of specialists coordinating and reviewing clinical trial information and data.

Coordinates the activities of the FDA IND Review Team.

Reviews clinical study information and data before, during, and after the trial.

Reviews preclinical studies related to new drugs.

Focuses on how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Between 300 and 3,000 individuals with the disease or condition being tested.

Drug administration through the digestive tract, like swallowing pills or using suppositories.

Delivering drugs through the rectum, bypassing the liver's first-pass metabolism.

Directly injecting medication into a vein for quickest absorption.

Injection into a muscle for slower, longer-lasting effects.

Delivery of drugs into the fatty layer just below the skin.

A method for calculating dosages that uses proportions to solve for unknown quantities.

Method for calculating dosages using a formula: (desired dose / available dose) x quantity.

A method for calculating dosages that uses conversion factors to convert units, starting with the desired unit.

The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes a drug (ADME).

A method to calculate the correct drug dose using a formula: (Desired Dose / Available Dose) x Quantity. This ensures the patient receives the exact amount of medication needed.

Lorazepam is a medication used to relieve anxiety and treat insomnia caused by anxiety. It's a benzodiazepine, commonly used for alcohol withdrawal symptoms.

This method eliminates the need to remember specific formulas, offering a consistent approach to dosage calculations. It also minimizes the risk of errors by ensuring the correct units are used.

Place the desired unit of measure on the left side of the equation. Start with the information given, placing the desired unit in the numerator and the corresponding unit in the denominator. Repeat this process, canceling out unwanted units until only the desired one remains. Finally, calculate the numerical answer with the correct unit.

For example, if you are given 0.25 mg/mL of digoxin, the conversion factor is 0.25 mg = 1 mL. Using this factor allows you to convert between milligrams and milliliters.

Digoxin is a medication used to treat heart failure. It helps to improve the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently.