Pharmacology: Routes of Drug Administration
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Questions and Answers

Which route of administration refers specifically to solutions intended for the ear?

  • Ophthalmic
  • Otic (correct)
  • Oral
  • Nasal

    • Which of the following is NOT a route used to administer solutions?

  • Otic
  • Ophthalmic
  • Dermal (correct)
  • Parenteral

    • What is a common characteristic of solutions classified by their intended route of administration?

  • They have specific uses based on their administration route. (correct)
  • They must be sterile before use.
  • They are only available in liquid form.
  • They require refrigeration for stability.

    • Which option is an example of a parenteral route of administration?

    <p>Intravenous injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would you most likely use an ophthalmic solution?

    <p>To relieve dry eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge when formulating certain drugs for injection?

    <p>Their poor solubility in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context is drug absorption particularly necessary as mentioned in the content?

    <p>When treating anaphylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of some drugs complicates their administration as an injection?

    <p>They have poor solubility in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is formulating a drug as a solution particularly challenging?

    <p>Due to their poor solubility in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common requirement for drug administration prior to treatment, as indicated?

    <p>Accelerated absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a naturally occurring flavoring used for oral solutions?

    <p>Fruit juices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of naturally occurring flavoring is lemon oil classified as?

    <p>Aromatic oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT fall under the category of naturally occurring flavorings for oral solutions?

    <p>Synthetic flavor enhancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Herbs used in oral solutions primarily provide which characteristic?

    <p>Flavor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination of flavorings is typically used for oral solutions?

    <p>Herbs and spices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological pH of plasma and extracellular fluid?

    <p>7.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should solution products ideally be formulated to a pH of 7.4?

    <p>To maintain physiological balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for maintaining a pH of 7.4 in bodily fluids?

    <p>Promoting bacterial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what pH level are most physiological processes optimized?

    <p>7.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a consequence of formulating solutions with a pH significantly lower than 7.4?

    <p>Impaired enzyme function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what pH level are butyl parabens most effective?

    <p>pH &lt; 4.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum concentration at which butyl parabens are used externally?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form do butyl parabens take when effective?

    <p>Non-ionized hydroxy benzoic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what manner are butyl parabens used externally?

    <p>In low concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about butyl parabens is NOT true?

    <p>They are used externally at concentrations greater than 10%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical concentration range of propylene glycol mentioned?

    <p>15-30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effective pH range for the stability of the mentioned compound?

    <p>4-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a concentration mentioned for propylene glycol?

    <p>0.002%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the upper limit of the concentration range for propylene glycol specified?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lower limit percentage for propylene glycol in its effective concentration range?

    <p>0.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

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