Pharmacology Drug Administration Routes
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Questions and Answers

What primarily determines the choice of route for drug administration?

  • The cost of the drug
  • Properties of the drug and therapeutic objectives (correct)
  • The availability of the drug
  • The health status of the patient

Which route of administration is characterized by being applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes?

  • Topical (correct)
  • Buccal
  • Parenteral
  • Enteral

What is a disadvantage of the oral route of drug administration?

  • It is pain-free
  • Slow effect for emergencies (correct)
  • It is self-administered
  • Rapid absorption occurs

What advantage does the sublingual route have over the oral route?

<p>Avoids first-pass metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might some drugs not be suitable for oral administration?

<p>They have an unpleasant taste or are destroyed by gastric juices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of the rectal route of drug administration?

<p>Absorption can be unpredictable and incomplete (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is the oral route of administration NOT suitable?

<p>Drug needs to act immediately in an emergency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of systemically acting enteral routes?

<p>Engages the digestive tract for drug absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of administering drugs via the rectal route?

<p>It avoids destruction by intestinal enzymes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for choosing parenteral administration?

<p>Easy self-administration by patients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of the intravascular parenteral route?

<p>Pain at the application site. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of parenteral route can be used for delivering anesthesia?

<p>Intrathecal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding topical drug administration is true?

<p>It minimizes systemic side effects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which condition is the rectal route preferred?

<p>Patients experiencing severe nausea. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk associated with intravascular drug administration?

<p>Increased risk of thrombosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Route of Drug Administration Selection

  • Determined by drug properties (water/lipid solubility) and therapeutic goals (rapid onset, long-term use, local effect).

Enteral Routes (Systemic Effect via Digestive Tract)

  • Oral: Swallowing; most common, convenient, self-administrable, safe, but can have unpleasant taste, gastric irritation, drug destruction, slow onset, first-pass effect.
  • Sublingual/Buccal: Under tongue/cheek; rapid absorption, avoids first-pass effect, but inconvenient, limited dose.
  • Rectal: Suppositories, enemas; bypasses some liver metabolism, useful for unconscious patients, nausea, vomiting, but absorption can be incomplete and erratic.
  • GI tubes (e.g., nasogastric, gastrotomy): Direct administration into GI tract.

Parenteral Routes (Injection)

  • Used for poor GI absorption, GI-unstable drugs, unconscious patients, rapid onset needs.
  • Types: Intravascular (IV/intra-arterial), Intramuscular, Subcutaneous, Intraosseous, Intrathecal, Intraperitoneal.

Intravascular (IV/Intra-arterial)

  • Most common parenteral route; rapid onset, bypasses first-pass metabolism, precise control, suitable for irritants and large volumes.
  • Disadvantages: rapid high concentration, embolism risk, infection risk, phlebitis, thrombosis, requires trained personnel.

Intramuscular

  • Aqueous solutions or depot preparations; pain at injection site.

Subcutaneous

  • Injection under the skin; absorption depends on blood flow; examples: insulin, heparin.

Topical Routes (Local Effect)

  • Applied to skin, mucous membranes, or lungs.
  • Used for dermatologic, ophthalmologic preparations, and respiratory diseases (inhalation).
  • Inhalation delivers drugs directly, minimizing systemic side effects.

Other Parenteral Routes

  • Intraosseous: Infusion into bone marrow; drains directly into venous system.
  • Intrathecal: Injection into subarachnoid space; e.g., anesthesia.
  • Intraperitoneal: Infusion/injection into peritoneum; e.g., peritoneal dialysis.

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Description

Explore the various routes of drug administration in this quiz, focusing on enteral and parenteral methods. Learn their characteristics, benefits, and drawbacks as they relate to drug properties and therapeutic goals. This quiz will strengthen your understanding of pharmacokinetics and clinical applications.

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