Questions and Answers
What is the maximum dose of [Name] that can be administered via the intravenous or intraosseous route in an adult experiencing anaphylaxis?
In what situation is the use of [Name] contraindicated due to potential for severe side effects?
Which of the following medications is NOT mentioned as potentially interacting with [Name] to potentiate its effects?
Which of these accurately describes the action of [Name] in the body?
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What is the minimum weight requirement for administering [Name] orally to a patient?
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Which of the following is NOT a listed indication for using [Name] in the prehospital setting?
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What is the maximum single dose of epinephrine for a pediatric patient in a cardiac arrest scenario?
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In the case of severe croup, epiglottitis, or bronchiolitis, what is the recommended route of administration for epinephrine?
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What is the recommended initial dose of epinephrine for a child with bradycardia or cardiac arrest?
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What is the recommended frequency of epinephrine administration for severe croup, epiglottitis, or bronchiolitis?
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What is the approximate duration of effect for epinephrine administered intravenously?
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What is the recommended dose of etomidate for a child weighing 175 lbs?
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What is a potential adverse effect of etomidate?
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Which of the following is a contraindication for using etomidate?
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Which of the following is NOT a contraindication or precaution for the use of epinephrine in the context of this content?
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What is the recommended dosage of epinephrine for a pediatric patient experiencing anaphylaxis?
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Which of the following is NOT a direct action of epinephrine as stated in the content?
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According to the content, what is the maximum total dose of epinephrine that can be administered via all routes?
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What is the primary reason for administering epinephrine in cases of anaphylaxis?
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In the context of cardiogenic shock, why is epinephrine considered an alternative inopressor?
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Which of the following is the recommended dilution of epinephrine for IV administration in adults, as described in the content?
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What is the purpose of administering epinephrine in cases of severe hypotension with a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of ≤45 mmHg?
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Study Notes
Acetaminophen
- Non-salicylate antipyretic and non-opioid analgesic
- Indications for EMS: mild to moderate pain, headache, muscle aches
- Contraindications: severe hepatic impairment or severe dysrhythmias
- Side effects: rare severe skin reaction, redness, or rash
- Precautions: MOA inhibitors, TCAs, levothyroxine sodium potentiate effects; pregnancy
Epinephrine
- Action: vasoconstrictor, increases SVR and BP, stabilizes mast cells and basophils
- Indications for EMS: anaphylaxis, severe croup, epiglottitis, bronchiolitis, RSV
- Dose: adult anaphylaxis 0.1 mg IVP/IO, ped anaphylaxis 0.01 mg/kg slow IV/IO
- Contraindications: hypertension, cardiogenic shock, septic shock
- Side effects: severe hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias
Etomidate (Amidate)
- Sedative-hypnotic without analgesic activity
- Indications for EMS: alternate option to ketamine for sedation in children ≥ 10 and adults prior to ADV airway
- Contraindications: septic shock due to adrenal suppression, children 175 lbs
- Side effects: myoclonus, respiratory depression, apnea, laryngospasm
- Precautions: reduce pain at injection site
Fentanyl
- Class: synthetic opioid
- Indications for EMS: severe pain (7-10)
- Contraindications: intolerance to opioids, AMS (GCS ≤ 5), debilitated, SpO2 < 90% on 15 L O2
- Side effects: respiratory depression, hypoventilation, apnea, muscle rigidity, myoclonic movements
- Precautions: avoid over sedation, concurrent use of alcohol, benzos, SUD, COPD (respiratory depression)
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Description
This quiz covers the pharmacological aspects of pain management, including acetaminophen and epinephrine, their indications, contraindications, side effects, and precautions.