Pharmacology Quiz on Neurology Medications
47 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for Memantine?

  • Blocking glutamate receptors (correct)
  • Enhancement of GABAergic neurotransmission
  • Stimulation of acetylcholine receptors
  • Inhibition of acetylcholine breakdown

    • Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of Pyridostigmine?

  • Gastrointestinal ulcers
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Hypertension
  • Mechanical obstruction of the GI tract (correct)

    • Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with Oxybutynin?

  • Hypotension
  • Dry mouth (correct)
  • Diarrhea
  • Increased salivation

    • What is the primary indication for the use of Pyridostigmine?

    <p>Relief of symptoms of myasthenia gravis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect of Memantine is similar to one seen with Oxybutynin?

    <p>Confusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nursing implications is most important to consider when administering Pyridostigmine?

    <p>Assess for GI obstruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for Oxybutynin?

    <p>Blocking muscarinic receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of Oxybutynin?

    <p>Urinary retention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for metoclopramide (Reglan)?

    <p>Blocks dopamine receptors in the CTZ, desensitizes the CTZ to impulses from the GI tract, and stimulates peristalsis in the GI tract. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of scopolamine (Transderm-Scop)?

    <p>History of glaucoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiemetic medication is used to treat motion sickness and is available as a transdermal patch?

    <p>Scopolamine (Transderm-Scop) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of promethazine (Phenergan)?

    <p>Antidopaminergic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse effects is most commonly associated with promethazine (Phenergan)?

    <p>Sedation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these antiemetic medications is contraindicated for breastfeeding mothers?

    <p>Meclizine (Antivert) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiemetic is commonly used to treat postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)?

    <p>Scopolamine (Transderm-Scop) (A), Ondansetron (Zofran) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiemetic medication is contraindicated in patients with a history of seizure disorders?

    <p>Metoclopramide (Reglan) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For patients receiving chemotherapy, when should antiemetics be administered?

    <p>30-60 minutes before chemotherapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications should be used with caution in patients with urinary bladder neck obstruction?

    <p>Scopolamine (Transderm-Scop) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiemetic medication is categorized as a ‘high alert’ medication due to its potential for severe adverse effects?

    <p>Promethazine (Phenergan) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for metoclopramide, ondansetron, and promethazine?

    <p>Blocking dopamine receptors in the CTZ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiemetic is CONTRAINDICATED in children less than 2 years old due to the risk of fatal respiratory depression?

    <p>Promethazine (Phenergan) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by "extrapyramidal effects" as a potential adverse effect of metoclopramide (Reglan)?

    <p>Neurological symptoms like tremors, muscle contractions, eye spasms, and lip smacking. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiemetic medication is classified as a serotonin blocker?

    <p>Ondansetron (Zofran) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiemetic is contraindicated in patients with pyloric obstruction?

    <p>Scopolamine (Transderm-Scop) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary classification of Dicyclomine?

    <p>Synthetic Antispasmodic Cholinergic Blocker (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for using Dicyclomine?

    <p>Paralytic ileus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of Dicyclomine?

    <p>Urinary retention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism does Dicyclomine utilize to affect the GI tract?

    <p>Blocks muscarinic action of acetylcholine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients do to minimize the risk of dry mouth while taking Dicyclomine?

    <p>Take it with food or milk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical principle emphasizes the obligation to avoid harm to patients?

    <p>Nonmaleficence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation should a patient using Dicyclomine report to their healthcare provider?

    <p>Severe constipation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage range for Dicyclomine per day?

    <p>80-160 mg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for Epinephrine?

    <p>Binds to alpha receptors causing vasoconstriction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of Dopamine?

    <p>Pheochromocytoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the nursing implications for a patient receiving Mirabegron?

    <p>Assess renal, hepatic, and cardiac function before treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is classified as a nonselective beta blocker?

    <p>Sotalol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for Tamsulosin?

    <p>Relaxation of smooth muscle fibers in the prostate and bladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of Metoprolol?

    <p>Hypotension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of Epinephrine?

    <p>Hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of Mirabegron?

    <p>GU adrenergic agonist (Beta 3 adrenergic) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia?

    <p>Memantine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of Tamsulosin?

    <p>Abnormal ejaculation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for the use of Epinephrine?

    <p>Treatment of anaphylaxis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding Sotalol?

    <p>It prolongs the action potential duration of cardiac muscle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient is receiving Dopamine. Which of the following parameters should the nurse monitor?

    <p>Blood pressure and heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is specifically indicated for the treatment of overactive bladder?

    <p>Mirabegron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for Dopamine?

    <p>Intravenous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Memantine

    A medication that blocks receptor stimulation to reduce cognitive degeneration in dementia.

    Contraindications of Memantine

    Known drug allergy is a primary contraindication for Memantine use.

    Pyridostigmine

    An indirect-acting cholinergic drug that increases acetylcholine to improve muscle strength.

    Adverse Effects of Pyridostigmine

    Common effects include GI upset and excessive salivation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Oxybutynin

    A synthetic antimuscarinic drug used to treat overactive bladder.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Adverse Effects of Oxybutynin

    Includes dry mouth, constipation, and dizziness.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Nursing Implication for Memantine

    Check for GI mechanical obstruction before administering Memantine.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Patient Education for Oxybutynin

    Take with food or milk to minimize dry mouth; stay hydrated.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dicyclomine

    Medications used to treat irritable bowel syndrome and GI disturbances.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Anticholinergic agent

    Blocks acetylcholine action on smooth muscle, reducing spasms.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Indications for Dicyclomine

    Used for irritable bowel syndrome and functional GI disturbances.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Adverse effects

    Common side effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Contraindications for Dicyclomine

    Not suitable for patients with certain conditions like glaucoma or GI obstructions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Patient Education for Dicyclomine

    Take with food, stay hydrated, and report severe side effects.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Veracity

    The principle of truthfulness in nursing communication.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Nonmaleficence

    The principle of avoiding harm or injury to patients.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Antiemetics

    Drugs that relieve nausea and vomiting.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ)

    Area in the brain that senses nausea and vomiting.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Metoclopramide (Reglan)

    Prokinetic drug that enhances gastric emptying.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dopamine Receptors

    Receptors blocked by Metoclopramide in the CTZ.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Ondansetron (Zofran)

    Serotonin blocker for nausea in chemo patients.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Contraindications of Ondansetron

    Concern during first trimester for cleft palate.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Meclizine (Antivert)

    Antihistamine for motion sickness and vertigo.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Promethazine

    Antidopaminergic drug for nausea and psychotic disorders.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Contraindications of Promethazine

    Not for children under 2 due to respiratory risks.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Scopolamine

    Anticholinergic used for motion sickness prevention.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Mechanism of Action of Scopolamine

    Blocks ACh receptors to prevent nausea.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Adverse Effects of Metoclopramide

    Can cause tardive dyskinesia and movement disorders.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Patient Education for Antiemetics

    Many cause drowsiness; avoid driving.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Nursing Implications for Ondansetron

    Assess nausea history and give before chemo.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    High Alert with Promethazine

    Never administer intra-arterial to avoid tissue damage.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Alpha adrenergic agonists

    Medications that stimulate alpha receptors causing vasoconstriction.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Beta 1 receptors

    Receptors mainly located in the heart responsible for increased heart rate.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dopaminergic drugs

    Medications that dilate blood vessels to increase blood flow.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Epinephrine use

    Used in emergencies for anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, cardiac arrest.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Contraindications for adrenergics

    Conditions like hypertension where adrenergics should not be used.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dopamine dosage effects

    Different doses cause dilation, improved contractility, or vasoconstriction.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Mirabegron action

    Relaxes the detrusor muscle, improving bladder capacity.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Tamsulosin indication

    Medication prescribed for BPH in males and urinary retention in females.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sotalol function

    Nonselective beta blocker used to treat difficult dysrhythmias.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Metoprolol role

    Beta 1 blocker that treats hypertension and heart failure.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Adverse effects of adrenergics

    Can include palpitations, anxiety, and hypertension.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cholinergic drugs contrast

    Drugs that mimic acetylcholine, promoting rest and digest functions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Patient education for adrenergics

    Avoid activities like driving after taking these medications.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Adverse effects of dopamine

    Can cause increased heart rate, BP, chest pain, and headache.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Antidote for adrenergic toxicity

    Sympatholytic medications like clonidine to counteract effects.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Antiemetic and Antinausea Drugs

    • Antiemetics are drugs used to relieve nausea and vomiting.
    • Seven categories, each with different mechanisms of action, primarily work by blocking pathways that induce vomiting.
    • Chemoreceptors Trigger Zone (CTZ): brain area involved in nausea and vomiting sensation.

    Metoclopramide (Reglan)

    • Class: Prokinetic Drug
    • Route: Oral, Parenteral (injection) prescription only
    • Indications: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), delayed gastric emptying, and nausea/vomiting (N/V).
    • Mechanism of Action: Blocks dopamine receptors in the CTZ, desensitizing it to GI tract impulses; stimulates GI tract peristalsis, enhancing stomach emptying.
    • Contraindications: Seizure disorders, pheochromocytoma (adrenal gland tumor), breast cancer, and GI obstruction.
    • Allergic to procaine or procainamide.
    • Adverse Effects: Long-term use can cause irreversible tardive dyskinesia, extrapyramidal effects (e.g., tremors, muscle contractions, eye spasms, lip smacking, tongue protrusion).

    Ondansetron (Zofran)

    • Class: Serotonin Blocker
    • Route: Oral, Injectible IV push over 2 minutes.
    • Indications: Nausea/vomiting associated with chemotherapy and post-operative procedures, hyperemesis gravidarum (severe morning sickness).
    • Mechanism of Action: Blocks serotonin receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, CTZ, and vomiting center.
    • Contraindications: Known drug allergy. Cat B medication; concerns regarding developmental cleft palate during first trimester pregnancy.
    • Adverse Effects: Known drug allergy

    Meclizine (Antivert)

    • Class: Antihistamine (H1 Receptor Blocker)
    • Route: Oral (PO)
    • Indications: Motion sickness, non-productive cough, allergy symptoms, sedation, vertigo.
    • Mechanism of Action: Inhibits Acetylcholine (ACH) by binding to H1 Receptors; prevents cholinergic stimulation in vestibular and reticular areas to prevent nausea and vomiting.
    • Contraindications: Shock, lactation.
    • Adverse Effects: Drowsiness, fast heartbeat, hives, itching, rash, headaches.

    Promethazine (Phenergan)

    • Class: Antidopaminergic
    • Route: Oral (PO), Intramuscular (IM) (preferred), Intravenous (IV) (common).
    • Indications: Psychotic disorders, intractable hiccups, hay fever relief/prevention, allergic conjunctivitis.
    • Mechanism of Action: Blocks dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone.
    • Contraindications: Children under two years old (risk of fatal respiratory depression)
    • Adverse Effects: Sedation (most common, may be beneficial), drowsiness, dry mouth, lightheadedness.

    Scopolamine (Transderm-Scop, Scopace)

    • Class: Anticholinergic blocker
    • Route: 72-hour transdermal patch.
    • Indications: Nausea/vomiting associated with motion sickness (most common use), postoperative N/V, reducing secretions before surgery.
    • Mechanism of Action: Binds to and blocks Acetylcholine (ACh) receptors in the inner ear labyrinth, blocking nauseating stimuli to the vomiting center (CTZ), and reticular formation.
    • Contraindications: Glaucoma, pyloric obstruction, urinary bladder neck obstruction.
    • Adverse Effects: Blurred vision, confusion, hallucinations, urinary retention.

    Adrenergic Agonists/Sympathomimetics

    • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) play a crucial role in these drugs.
    • Catecholamines (Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine): endogenous receptors (Alpha 1 & 2; Beta 1 & 2; and Dopamine).
    • Alpha 1: postsynaptic cells
    • Alpha 2: presynaptic cells
    • Beta 1: primarily in the heart
    • Beta 2: primarily in the lungs and arterioles
    • Dopamine: dilates blood vessels, increasing blood flow to organs like kidneys.
    • Adrenergic medications mimic the actions of neurotransmitters in the SNS.
    • Indications: Cardiovascular conditions (heart failure, shock), respiratory issues (bronchodilation, nasal congestion), and genitourinary conditions (overactive bladder, BPH).

    Epinephrine (Epi-Pen)

    • Class: Alpha and Beta adrenergic agonist
    • Indications: Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), bronchospasm, cardiac arrest, asthma.
    • Mechanism of Action: Binds to alpha receptors, causing vasoconstriction.
    • Contraindications: Hypertension, hypersensitivity.

    Dopamine (Inotropen)

    • Class: Beta-1 adrenergic agonist.
    • Indications: Low dose: vasodilation blood flow to brain, heart, kidneys, mesentery, Increased cardiac contractility and output.
    • Mechanism of Action: increasing blood flow to various organs

    Mirabegron (Myrbetriq)

    • Classification: GU Adrenergic Agonist
    • Route: Oral (PO).
    • Indication: overactive bladder.
    • Mechanism of Action: Relaxes detrusor muscles, increasing bladder capacity.

    Tamsulosin (Flomax)

    • Class: Alpha adrenergic blocker
    • Route: Oral (PO)
    • Indications: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), kidney stones, and urinary retention (in both males and females),
    • Mechanism of Action: Block alpha-adrenergic receptors on smooth muscle fibers within the prostate and bladder. Decreases constriction to improve urinary flow.

    Sotalol (Betapace)

    • Class: Nonselective Beta Blocker.
    • Route: Oral (PO).
    • Indication Treatment of difficult-to-treat cardiac dysrhythmias.

    Metoprolol (Lopressor)

    • Class: Beta-1 blocker
    • Route: IV, Oral (PO)
    • Indication: High blood pressure, Angina, and heart failure.
    • Mechanism of Action: Acts on beta-1 receptors in the heart, reducing the effects of catecholamines on cardiac function.

    Memantine (Namenda)

    • Class: NMDA receptor antagonist
    • Route: Oral (PO)
    • Indication: Treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
    • Mechanism of Action: Blocks stimulation of NMDA receptors, reducing the stimulation, and potentially stopping the breakdown, associated with Alzheimer's disease.

    Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)

    • Class: Indirect-acting cholinergic drug
    • Indications: Myasthenia gravis, reversing nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.
    • Mechanism of Action: Increases acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase.

    Oxybutynin (Ditropan)

    • Class: Synthetic antimuscarinic medication
    • Indications: Overactive bladder and neurogenic bladder associated with spinal cord injuries.
    • Mechanism of Action: Blocks muscarinic Acetylcholine (ACh) receptors in the bladder, reducing bladder spasms and increasing bladder capacity.

    Dicyclomine (Bentyl)

    • Class: Synthetic Antispasmodic Cholinergic Blocker
    • Indications: Irritable bowel syndrome, functional gastrointestinal tract disturbances.
    • Mechanism of Action: Blocks muscarinic action of acetylcholine on gastrointestinal smooth muscle, inhibiting spasms and contractions.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Pharmacology Exam 1 Study Guide PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the pharmacological mechanisms, indications, and contraindications related to neurology medications such as Memantine, Pyridostigmine, and Oxybutynin. This quiz covers adverse effects, nursing implications, and classifications of various drugs. Perfect for nursing students and healthcare professionals!

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser