Pharmacology Quiz for Medical Students
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Questions and Answers

Which drug is an example of a direct acting cholinergic agonist?

  • Pilocarpine (correct)
  • Phenoxybenzamine
  • Neostigmine
  • Epinephrine

    • Salbutamol stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors.

    False (B)

    What is the median toxic dose (TD50) of a drug?

    The dose at which toxicity occurs in 50% of cases.

    Carvedilol and Labetalol are examples of ______ blockers.

    <p>beta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant issue with geriatric patients regarding drug metabolism?

    <p>Increased phase 2 metabolism leading to more adverse effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following drugs with their actions:

    <p>Epinephrine = Stimulates SNS Atropine = Inhibits PNS Phenylephrine = Stimulates alpha receptors Salbutamol = Stimulates beta receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    LD50 stands for the amount needed to cure 50% of test subjects.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of metabolism is primarily involved in drug elimination through the kidneys?

    <p>Renal metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an agonist?

    <p>A molecule that binds and activates a receptor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mixed action agonists only activate receptors without any blocking effect.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one primary function of alpha receptor agonists.

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________ are substances that block the action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system.

    <p>Anticholinergics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each receptor type with its primary action:

    <p>Alpha receptors = Vasoconstriction Beta-1 receptors = Increased heart rate Beta-2 receptors = Bronchodilation Muscarinic receptors = Increased gland secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of partial agonists?

    <p>They activate receptors but with less efficacy than full agonists. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholinergic agonists enhance the effects of acetylcholine in the nervous system.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one example of a beta receptor antagonist.

    <p>Propranolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Direct acting agonists primarily act by binding to a ________, while mixed acting agonists can act through both receptor binding and neurotransmitter release.

    <p>receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do beta-2 receptor agonists typically have in the body?

    <p>Bronchodilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Prazosin?

    <p>Blocks α1 receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clonidine is an α1 agonist used to treat hypertension.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a contraindication for using Dopamine as a treatment.

    <p>Pheochromocytoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epinephrine acts on _____ receptors to cause vasoconstriction.

    <p>α1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following receptors with their primary effects:

    <p>α1 = Vasoconstriction β2 = Bronchodilation β1 = Increased heart rate α2 = Inhibition of norepinephrine release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following direct acting agonists is indicated for anaphylaxis?

    <p>Epinephrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Salbutamol is a selective β2 agonist used in the treatment of asthma.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one side effect of Alpha-1 receptor agonists.

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The action of Methyldopa is primarily on the _____ to lower blood pressure.

    <p>CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following agents with their action:

    <p>Dobutamine = Increased heart contractility Mirabegron = Stimulates bladder relaxation Propranolol = Decreased heart rate Phenylephrine = Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mixed action agonist?

    <p>Ephedrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Timolol is a selective β1 blocker.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of β2 agonists in clinical practice?

    <p>Bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ acts as a partial agonist at β receptors, potentially causing trigeminal electrical excitability.

    <p>Propranolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Compendium Pharmacologia

    • This is a pharmacology compendium, likely a study guide or textbook.
    • Tables created by Max Lemke and Ada Ohlsen
    • The content covers various topics in pharmacology.

    Table of Contents

    • The table of contents lists several pharmacology colloquia (likely lectures or seminars) and their corresponding page numbers.
    • Topics include drug definitions, direct-acting agonists, mixed action agonists, receptors (alpha, beta, cholinergic), specific diseases (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, pain), and various drug classes (e.g., analgesics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antifungals, antivirals, antibiotics, etc.).

    Pharmacology Colloquium 1

    • Definitions:

      • Describes pharmacokinetics (body's reaction to drugs).
      • Describes pharmacodynamics (drugs' effects on the body).
      • Explains first pass effect (pre-systemic metabolism of a drug).
      • Explains metabolism (how drugs are converted to metabolites).
      • Discusses phase 1 and 2 metabolism (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, conjugation).

    • Zero order elimination: Constant rate of elimination (same amount being lost over time).

    • First order elimination: Rate of elimination proportional to amount (same percentage being lost over time).

    • Therapeutic Index: Ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose.

    • Agonist: A molecule that binds to a target and activates it.

    • Antagonist: A molecule that binds to a target and prevents activation.

    • Competitive vs. Non-competitive Antagonist: Competitive are reversible, Non-competitive are irreversible.

    Pharmacology Colloquium 2

    • Diuretics: Covers different types like Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors, loop diuretics, thiazides, and potassium-sparing diuretics, their MOA, SE, and indications (e.g., hypertension, heart failure).
    • Ca2+ channel blockers: Detailed discussion on mechanism, side effects, indications (e.g., hypertension, angina).
    • RAAS inhibitors: Mechanism, side effects, and indications (e.g., hypertension)

    Pharmacology Colloquium 3

    • Analgesic Pain Ladder: Steps to manage pain, starting with non-opioids (NSAIDs) and progressing to stronger opioids if needed for severe pain.

    Pharmacology Colloquium 4

    • Lists different anti-seizure drugs, their mechanisms of action, side effects, and indications.

    Pharmacology Colloquium 5

    • Antifungals: Explores different classes and their mechanism of action, side effects, and indications.
    • Antivirals: Explores different classes and their mechanism of action, side effects, and indications, including HIV and Hepatitis.
    • Antibiotics: Covers various drug classes of antibiotics, their MOA, SE, and clinical contexts.

    Additional Topics

    • Direct-Acting Agonists: Specifics on agents like Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine, focusing on their mechanisms, side effects, and clinical uses.

    • Mixed Action Agonists: Similar to direct-acting, but includes drugs that both activate receptors and cause release of stored neurotransmitters.

    • Alpha Receptors, Beta Receptors: Detail on specific alpha and beta receptors and their associated drugs.

    • Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists: Specifics on cholinergic receptors and the effects of agonist and antagonists

    • Antihistamines: Details on H1 and H2 receptor blockers.

    • Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids: Details on these steroid hormones and their therapeutic uses.

    • Anti-peptic ulcer agents: Describes different types of peptic ulcer agents, their MOA, SE and clinical uses.

    • Laxatives: Specifics on different categories and their mechanisms.

    • Anti-diarrheal Agents: Details on different drugs, their MOA, SE and clinical uses.

    • Gastric Diseases: General info on conditions related to the gastrointestinal tract.

    • Additional details from the 11-28 pages cover topics linked to specific diseases, agents, and their mechanisms/uses.

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    Pharmacology Notes 2022 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on pharmacology concepts including cholinergic agonists, drug toxicity, and metabolism. This quiz covers important drug classifications and their effects, as well as considerations for geriatric patients. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand these fundamental topics!

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