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Questions and Answers
What is the trade name of diltiazem?
What is the trade name of diltiazem?
What is the mechanism of action for diltiazem?
What is the mechanism of action for diltiazem?
What is the class of diltiazem?
What is the class of diltiazem?
What are the indications for diltiazem?
What are the indications for diltiazem?
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What are the contraindications for diltiazem?
What are the contraindications for diltiazem?
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What are the routes of administration for diltiazem?
What are the routes of administration for diltiazem?
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What is the typical duration of action for diltiazem?
What is the typical duration of action for diltiazem?
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What is the onset of action for diltiazem?
What is the onset of action for diltiazem?
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What is the typical adult dose for diltiazem?
What is the typical adult dose for diltiazem?
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What are the adverse reactions/side effects of Diltiazem?
What are the adverse reactions/side effects of Diltiazem?
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What are the special considerations for the administration of diltiazem in the prehospital setting?
What are the special considerations for the administration of diltiazem in the prehospital setting?
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Study Notes
Diltiazem Overview
- Trade name: Commonly known as Cardizem.
- Class: Calcium channel blocker, specifically a non-dihydropyridine type.
Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits calcium ions from entering cardiac and smooth muscle cells.
- Causes relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, leading to vasodilation.
- Decreases heart rate and contractility.
Indications
- Management of hypertension (high blood pressure).
- Treatment of angina pectoris (chest pain).
- Control of certain types of arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats).
Contraindications
- Severe hypotension (low blood pressure).
- Atrioventricular block (unless a pacemaker is present).
- Patients with sick sinus syndrome (unless receiving a permanent pacemaker).
- Known hypersensitivity to diltiazem.
Routes of Administration
- Available in oral tablets and capsules.
- Injectable formulation for intravenous use.
Pharmacokinetics
- Onset of action: Varies; generally within 30 to 60 minutes for oral forms, and immediate for IV administration.
- Typical duration of action: Ranges from 6 to 8 hours; can be longer with extended-release formulations.
Typical Adult Dose
- Initial doses vary based on indication, typically starting at 30 to 60 mg taken three times daily for oral administration; IV dosing can differ and is adjusted based on response.
Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
- Common side effects include dizziness, fatigue, headache, and gastrointestinal discomfort.
- May cause hypotension, bradycardia (slow heart rate), and peripheral edema.
Special Considerations in Prehospital Setting
- Assess blood pressure and heart rate before administration.
- Monitor for signs of adverse reactions during transport.
- Consider interactions with other medications the patient may be taking.
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Test your knowledge on diltiazem.