Pharmacology Quiz: Antihistamines for Cold Symptoms and Glaucoma
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Questions and Answers

What is the nurse's recommendation for a patient with narrow-angle glaucoma experiencing cold symptoms of nasal congestion and runny nose?

  • Azelastine (correct)
  • Chlorpheniramine maleate
  • Cetirizine
  • Diphenhydramine

    • Why are anticholinergic effects concerning for patients with narrow-angle glaucoma?

  • They reduce the risk of glaucoma surgery.
  • They can lead to increased intraocular pressure. (correct)
  • They promote better drainage of the eye.
  • They can worsen nasal congestion.

    • What action should the nurse take if a patient receiving diphenhydramine has not voided for 12 hours?

  • Request an order for an intravenous fluid bolus.
  • Encourage the patient to drink more fluids.
  • Evaluate the bladder to check for distension. (correct)
  • Request an order for urinary catheterization.

    • Which medication mentioned is a second-generation antihistamine with fewer anticholinergic side effects?

    <p>Cetirizine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the nurse assess for bladder distension in a patient on diphenhydramine who has not voided?

    <p>To determine if urinary retention is present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of azelastine over cetirizine as a recommendation for a patient with narrow-angle glaucoma?

    <p>It has less likelihood of systemic side effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse's first action be when a patient arrives in the emergency department after eating strawberries and developing a rash, runny nose, and sneezing?

    <p>Assess heart rate, respiratory rate, and lung sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information should the nurse provide to a patient who is recommended to take diphenhydramine at bedtime for nighttime symptoms of coughing and sneezing?

    <p>You should be able to sleep better when you take this medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which decongestant is subject to regulatory limits on drug sales, with a 30-day limit of 9 grams for individuals?

    <p>Pseudoephedrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a patient hospitalized for an asthma exacerbation who was taking diphenhydramine at home for allergic rhinitis and cough, what medication should the nurse request an order for?

    <p>Cetirizine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse recommend to a patient who reports worsening nasal congestion after using a topical nasal decongestant spray for a few weeks?

    <p>Tell the patient the congestion will clear up after stopping the spray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between nasal phenylephrine and ephedrine?

    <p>Nasal phenylephrine causes fewer systemic side effects than ephedrine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse reaction to dextromethorphan?

    <p>Gastrointestinal upset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should dextromethorphan be used with caution in patients with asthma or bronchitis?

    <p>It may cause bronchoconstriction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medication is benzonatate?

    <p>Nonopioid antitussive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should patients taking guaifenesin increase their fluid intake?

    <p>To improve the expectorant effects of guaifenesin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do oral antihistamines have on secretions when taken with guaifenesin?

    <p>They dry secretions, making them harder to expectorate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statement by a patient with mild emphysema indicates a misunderstanding of the medication regimen?

    <p>I will need to take oral prednisone daily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is epinephrine given to a patient experiencing acute bronchospasm?

    <p>Cardiac and pulmonary effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of providing albuterol to a patient with asthma?

    <p>To promote bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be expected when albuterol is used by a patient with asthma?

    <p>Bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario would prophylactic antibiotics be contraindicated for a patient with emphysema?

    <p>To avoid antibiotic resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are symptoms of emphysema considered generally irreversible?

    <p>As a result of chronic and severe cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of tiotropium in treating bronchospasms associated with COPD?

    <p>Inhibiting the M3 receptor response to acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should patients using cromolyn sodium for bronchospasms drink water before and after using the inhaler?

    <p>To decrease the side effects of cough and bad taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it not advisable for patients to use cromolyn sodium as a rescue inhaler?

    <p>It has minimal effects on acute bronchospasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect experienced by patients using cromolyn sodium daily?

    <p>Bad taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should patients on cromolyn sodium avoid abruptly stopping the medication?

    <p>To prevent rebound bronchospasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When teaching a patient beginning oral theophylline about this drug, what should the nurse instruct the patient regarding caffeine consumption?

    <p>Avoid caffeine while taking the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse recommend to a patient prescribed oral theophylline about dosing changes without consulting their provider?

    <p>Never increase or decrease the dose without consulting their provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient on intravenous theophylline complains of headaches and nausea, what action should the nurse take?

    <p>Request an order for a serum theophylline level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a patient taking tiotropium, what medication class does this belong to?

    <p>Anticholinergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When caring for a patient who smokes and will start taking theophylline at home, what dose adjustment does the nurse anticipate?

    <p>A larger than typical dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect that patients should monitor for when using bronchodilators?

    <p>Palpitations at therapeutic doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should a patient taking an inhaled corticosteroid perform to prevent Candida albicans infections?

    <p>Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water after each use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the difference between oral and inhaled forms of albuterol?

    <p>The inhaled form has a more immediate onset than the oral form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should a patient avoid using ibuprofen or aspirin while taking montelukast?

    <p>They block the effects of montelukast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with ephedra interacting with theophylline?

    <p>Palpitations and jitteriness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a patient with COPD prescribed tiotropium, what is a key instruction that should be provided?

    <p>Understand that tiotropium works by relaxing and dilating the bronchioles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory tests should be monitored in a patient taking montelukast and an albuterol inhaler?

    <p>Liver function tests and serum glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should montelukast be dosed based on its recommended usage?

    <p>Once daily at bedtime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication form is likely to have less systemic side effects when used correctly?

    <p><strong>Inhaled</strong> forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is advised to prevent deposits of inhaled medication in the oral cavity?

    <p><strong>Use an aspirator</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

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