30 Questions
What is benzylpenicillin sodium salt used for?
As an antibiotic from the group of biosynthetic penicillins
What is characteristic of ampicillin?
Broad spectrum of antimicrobial action
Which antibiotic is from the tetracycline group?
Methacycline hydrochloride
What is characteristic of cefotaxime?
Broad spectrum of antimicrobial action
What is a side effect of chloramphenicol?
Inhibition of hematopoiesis
What is carbenicillin disodium salt?
A type of biosynthetic penicillin
Which antibiotic is characterized by a narrow spectrum of antimicrobial action and rapid development of resistance by microorganisms?
Chloramphenicol
Which of the following antibiotics is a representative of the macrolide group?
Oleandomycin
What is a characteristic side effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics?
Ototoxic effect
What is the effect of laxatives containing anthraglycosides on the large intestine?
increases peristalsis
Which of the following is a sulfonamide drug used for topical administration?
Sulfacyl sodium
What is the route of administration of Neomycin?
Locally
What is the indication for the use of dehydrocholic acid?
chronic cholecystitis
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamide drugs?
Competitive antagonists with PABA
What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?
blocks aldosterone receptors
What is the characteristic of saline laxatives?
dissociates into ions in the intestine
What is the effect of laxatives containing anthraglycosides on the timing of constipation?
prescribed for acute constipation
What is the type of diuretic that has a direct effect on the function of the renal tubular epithelium?
thiazide diuretic
What is a characteristic of macrolides?
Low toxic
Which antibiotic is resistant to penicillinase?
Not mentioned
What is a feature of aminoglycosides?
Wide spectrum of action
Which sulfonamide drug is used for resorptive action?
Sulfalene
What is a side effect of cephalosporins?
Depression of kidney function
What is an indication for the use of resorptive sulfonamides?
Urinary tract infections
What is the effect of anticholinesterase drugs on the pupils?
Constriction
What is the indication for the use of ammonia solution in fainting?
To stimulate respiration
Which of the following anticholinesterase agents has a reversible action?
Proserin
What is the effect of physostigmine on intraocular pressure?
It reduces intraocular pressure
Which of the following anticholinesterase drugs is used in glaucoma?
Proserin
What is the mechanism of action of anticholinesterase drugs?
They block acetylcholinesterase
Study Notes
Laxatives
- Dehydrocholic acid is used to treat chronic cholecystitis, pyelitis, chronic pyelonephritis, cystitis, and acute pancreatitis.
- Laxatives containing anthraglycosides (buckthorn bark, rhubarb root, senna leaves) increase peristalsis of the large intestine, have an effect within 3-4 hours, and are prescribed for acute constipation.
- Saline laxatives (magnesium sulfate) act only on the large intestine, suppress intestinal motility, and inhibit intestinal mechanoreceptors.
Diuretics
- Diuretics with a direct effect on the function of the renal tubular epithelium (dichlorothiazide, spironolactone) reduce the filtration of proteins.
- Potassium-sparing diuretics (triamterene) block aldosterone receptors and reduce the filtration of proteins.
- Spironolactone blocks aldosterone receptors and reduces the filtration of proteins.
Antibiotics
- Biosynthetic penicillins (benzylpenicillin sodium salt) have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action and are resistant to penicillinase.
- Long-acting biosynthetic penicillins (benzylpenicillin novocaine salt) are highly toxic, disrupt the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane, and are prescribed only parenterally.
- Ampicillin has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action, is resistant to penicillinase, and is administered orally.
- Tetracycline group (methacycline hydrochloride) has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action.
- Cefotaxime has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action and is destroyed by cephalosporinase.
- Carbapenem group (imipenem) has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action.
- Macrolide group (oleandomycin) has a narrow spectrum of action and is lowly toxic.
- Aminoglycoside group (streptomycin) has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action and is ototoxic.
- Semisynthetic macrolides (roxithromycin) have a narrow spectrum of action and are lowly toxic.
Sulfonamide Drugs
- Topical use (sulfacyl sodium) is used for competitive antagonism with PABA.
- Resorptive sulfonamide drugs (sulfalene, etazol, urosulfan) are used for bronchitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and biliary tract infections.
- Sulfonamide drugs acting in the intestinal lumen (phthalazole, sulgin, phthazine) are used for competitive antagonism with PABA.
Miscellaneous
- Physostigmine has an effect on the eye: constricts pupils, reduces intraocular pressure, and causes a spasm of accommodation.
- Anticholinesterase agents with reversible action (proserin, galantamine hydrobromide, physostigmine salicylate) block acetylcholinesterase and prevent the hydrolysis of acetylcholine.
- Anticholinesterase drugs used in glaucoma (proserin, physostigmine, armin) block acetylcholinesterase and prevent the hydrolysis of acetylcholine.
Test your knowledge of antibiotics and disinfectants, including biosynthetic penicillins, potassium permanganate, and their uses. This quiz covers various indications and applications of these pharmaceuticals.
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