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Questions and Answers
What is benzylpenicillin sodium salt used for?
What is benzylpenicillin sodium salt used for?
What is characteristic of ampicillin?
What is characteristic of ampicillin?
Which antibiotic is from the tetracycline group?
Which antibiotic is from the tetracycline group?
What is characteristic of cefotaxime?
What is characteristic of cefotaxime?
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What is a side effect of chloramphenicol?
What is a side effect of chloramphenicol?
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What is carbenicillin disodium salt?
What is carbenicillin disodium salt?
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Which antibiotic is characterized by a narrow spectrum of antimicrobial action and rapid development of resistance by microorganisms?
Which antibiotic is characterized by a narrow spectrum of antimicrobial action and rapid development of resistance by microorganisms?
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Which of the following antibiotics is a representative of the macrolide group?
Which of the following antibiotics is a representative of the macrolide group?
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What is a characteristic side effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics?
What is a characteristic side effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics?
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What is the effect of laxatives containing anthraglycosides on the large intestine?
What is the effect of laxatives containing anthraglycosides on the large intestine?
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Which of the following is a sulfonamide drug used for topical administration?
Which of the following is a sulfonamide drug used for topical administration?
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What is the route of administration of Neomycin?
What is the route of administration of Neomycin?
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What is the indication for the use of dehydrocholic acid?
What is the indication for the use of dehydrocholic acid?
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What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamide drugs?
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamide drugs?
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What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?
What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?
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What is the characteristic of saline laxatives?
What is the characteristic of saline laxatives?
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What is the effect of laxatives containing anthraglycosides on the timing of constipation?
What is the effect of laxatives containing anthraglycosides on the timing of constipation?
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What is the type of diuretic that has a direct effect on the function of the renal tubular epithelium?
What is the type of diuretic that has a direct effect on the function of the renal tubular epithelium?
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What is a characteristic of macrolides?
What is a characteristic of macrolides?
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Which antibiotic is resistant to penicillinase?
Which antibiotic is resistant to penicillinase?
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What is a feature of aminoglycosides?
What is a feature of aminoglycosides?
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Which sulfonamide drug is used for resorptive action?
Which sulfonamide drug is used for resorptive action?
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What is a side effect of cephalosporins?
What is a side effect of cephalosporins?
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What is an indication for the use of resorptive sulfonamides?
What is an indication for the use of resorptive sulfonamides?
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What is the effect of anticholinesterase drugs on the pupils?
What is the effect of anticholinesterase drugs on the pupils?
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What is the indication for the use of ammonia solution in fainting?
What is the indication for the use of ammonia solution in fainting?
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Which of the following anticholinesterase agents has a reversible action?
Which of the following anticholinesterase agents has a reversible action?
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What is the effect of physostigmine on intraocular pressure?
What is the effect of physostigmine on intraocular pressure?
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Which of the following anticholinesterase drugs is used in glaucoma?
Which of the following anticholinesterase drugs is used in glaucoma?
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What is the mechanism of action of anticholinesterase drugs?
What is the mechanism of action of anticholinesterase drugs?
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Study Notes
Laxatives
- Dehydrocholic acid is used to treat chronic cholecystitis, pyelitis, chronic pyelonephritis, cystitis, and acute pancreatitis.
- Laxatives containing anthraglycosides (buckthorn bark, rhubarb root, senna leaves) increase peristalsis of the large intestine, have an effect within 3-4 hours, and are prescribed for acute constipation.
- Saline laxatives (magnesium sulfate) act only on the large intestine, suppress intestinal motility, and inhibit intestinal mechanoreceptors.
Diuretics
- Diuretics with a direct effect on the function of the renal tubular epithelium (dichlorothiazide, spironolactone) reduce the filtration of proteins.
- Potassium-sparing diuretics (triamterene) block aldosterone receptors and reduce the filtration of proteins.
- Spironolactone blocks aldosterone receptors and reduces the filtration of proteins.
Antibiotics
- Biosynthetic penicillins (benzylpenicillin sodium salt) have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action and are resistant to penicillinase.
- Long-acting biosynthetic penicillins (benzylpenicillin novocaine salt) are highly toxic, disrupt the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane, and are prescribed only parenterally.
- Ampicillin has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action, is resistant to penicillinase, and is administered orally.
- Tetracycline group (methacycline hydrochloride) has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action.
- Cefotaxime has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action and is destroyed by cephalosporinase.
- Carbapenem group (imipenem) has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action.
- Macrolide group (oleandomycin) has a narrow spectrum of action and is lowly toxic.
- Aminoglycoside group (streptomycin) has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action and is ototoxic.
- Semisynthetic macrolides (roxithromycin) have a narrow spectrum of action and are lowly toxic.
Sulfonamide Drugs
- Topical use (sulfacyl sodium) is used for competitive antagonism with PABA.
- Resorptive sulfonamide drugs (sulfalene, etazol, urosulfan) are used for bronchitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and biliary tract infections.
- Sulfonamide drugs acting in the intestinal lumen (phthalazole, sulgin, phthazine) are used for competitive antagonism with PABA.
Miscellaneous
- Physostigmine has an effect on the eye: constricts pupils, reduces intraocular pressure, and causes a spasm of accommodation.
- Anticholinesterase agents with reversible action (proserin, galantamine hydrobromide, physostigmine salicylate) block acetylcholinesterase and prevent the hydrolysis of acetylcholine.
- Anticholinesterase drugs used in glaucoma (proserin, physostigmine, armin) block acetylcholinesterase and prevent the hydrolysis of acetylcholine.
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Description
Test your knowledge of antibiotics and disinfectants, including biosynthetic penicillins, potassium permanganate, and their uses. This quiz covers various indications and applications of these pharmaceuticals.
