Pharmacology: Pain Relief Medications Quiz

Receptors in the body that detect pain signals.

Natural neurohormones that suppress pain conduction.

Drugs like morphine that activate endorphin receptors to reduce pain.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that reduce pain and inflammation.

An enzyme that NSAIDs block to reduce pain-sensitizing chemicals.

Chemicals in the body that sensitize pain and are inhibited by NSAIDs.

Less potent pain relievers like aspirin and ibuprofen for mild to moderate pain.

Categories including salicylates, propionic acid derivatives, and selective COX-2 inhibitors.

Acetaminophen is well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, but rectal absorption can be erratic.

The maximum recommended dose for adults is 4 g/day, but limiting to 2 g/day is suggested to avoid liver damage.

More than 85% of acetaminophen is metabolized by the liver to drug metabolites.

Overdosing on acetaminophen can lead to liver cell toxicity and potentially death from hepatic necrosis.

Acetylcysteine is the antidote that converts toxic metabolites to nontoxic forms.

The therapeutic serum range for acetaminophen is 10 to 20 mcg/mL.

Early symptoms of hepatic damage from overdose include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

Aspirin can cause gastrointestinal distress and should be taken with food or liquids to minimize this effect.

Common side effects include gastric distress such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

High doses can cause severe GI irritation and ulceration in about 20% of patients.

Excessive bleeding may occur when NSAIDs are taken for dysmenorrhea in the first 2 days of menstruation.

Symptoms include tinnitus, vertigo, hyperventilation, and possible metabolic acidosis.

Some patients may experience hypersensitivity reactions such as dyspnea and urticaria.

Acetaminophen is a nonopioid analgesic that provides pain relief but lacks anti-inflammatory properties.

When used at recommended doses, acetaminophen causes little or no gastric distress.

Unlike aspirin, acetaminophen is not linked to Reye syndrome and poses no excess bleeding risk.

Receptors that lead to analgesia and sedation without respiratory depression.

An opioid less potent than morphine, used for pain relief and cough suppression.

A dangerous side effect of opioids leading to slowed or stopped breathing.

The property of opioids to suppress coughing.

Common effects include nausea, constipation, and low blood pressure with opioids.

Hypoglycemia may occur when ibuprofen is taken with insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs.

Older adults often use NSAIDs for pain but face higher risks of GI distress and drug interactions.

Second-generation NSAIDs that reduce GI problems associated with traditional NSAIDs.

It's essential to assess kidney function in older adults using NSAIDs to prevent complications.

Herbs like dong quai or ginger can increase bleeding when combined with NSAIDs.

Opioids are prescribed for moderate to severe pain, acting primarily on the CNS.

A 1914 law that required opioids to be sold by prescription only, restricting nonprescription use.

Addiction is a psychological and physical dependence on substances beyond voluntary control.

A condition that can be prematurely caused by certain medications during pregnancy.

A potentially fatal condition caused by aspirin use in children with flu symptoms.

A group of NSAIDs that are better tolerated and have fewer GI side effects than aspirin.

The most widely used propionic acid NSAID, available OTC and gentle on the stomach.

Ibuprofen is metabolized in the liver and excreted as inactive metabolites in urine.

The process inhibited by ibuprofen to alleviate inflammation and pain.

Ibuprofen can interact with warfarin and sulfonamides, increasing their effects.