Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is defined as an official drug?
What is defined as an official drug?
- A drug available in pharmacies without prescription
- A drug listed in one of the official books (correct)
- A drug with any form of government approval
- A drug that is widely advertised in medical journals
What type of information is NOT typically included in a pharmacopeia?
What type of information is NOT typically included in a pharmacopeia?
- Physical and chemical properties of drugs
- Medicinal preparations of the drugs
- Clinical trial results of the drugs (correct)
- Tests for identity, purity, and potency
Why might a drug be deleted from the pharmacopeia?
Why might a drug be deleted from the pharmacopeia?
- Due to its high advertising costs
- Because of insufficient popularity among physicians
- Because it became obsolete in medical practice
- Due to its toxic effects (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for including a drug in the pharmacopeia?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for including a drug in the pharmacopeia?
What is one of the purposes of a pharmacopeia?
What is one of the purposes of a pharmacopeia?
What could be a consequence of using more expensive drugs?
What could be a consequence of using more expensive drugs?
Why might some drugs be designed to avoid gastric juice destruction?
Why might some drugs be designed to avoid gastric juice destruction?
What is a potential issue with irritant drugs?
What is a potential issue with irritant drugs?
What characteristic is commonly associated with more expensive drugs?
What characteristic is commonly associated with more expensive drugs?
What inconvenience might arise from using certain drugs?
What inconvenience might arise from using certain drugs?
What is a potential consequence of drug leakage outside of a vein during injection?
What is a potential consequence of drug leakage outside of a vein during injection?
Why is intraperitoneal injection particularly useful for certain lab animals?
Why is intraperitoneal injection particularly useful for certain lab animals?
Which type of virus is associated with transmission through bodily fluids, similar to AIDS?
Which type of virus is associated with transmission through bodily fluids, similar to AIDS?
What is a common method of drug administration when intravenous injection is challenging in lab animals?
What is a common method of drug administration when intravenous injection is challenging in lab animals?
What is a significant risk associated with the transmission of Hepatitis C?
What is a significant risk associated with the transmission of Hepatitis C?
What is a characteristic of intramuscular drug absorption?
What is a characteristic of intramuscular drug absorption?
Which factor contributes to the rapid absorption of intramuscular injections?
Which factor contributes to the rapid absorption of intramuscular injections?
What is the maximum volume of drug recommended for intramuscular injection in large animals?
What is the maximum volume of drug recommended for intramuscular injection in large animals?
What types of drug formulations can be administered through deep intramuscular injections?
What types of drug formulations can be administered through deep intramuscular injections?
What is a disadvantage of intramuscular injections?
What is a disadvantage of intramuscular injections?
What effect does adding hyaluronidase enzyme have on subcutaneous drug absorption?
What effect does adding hyaluronidase enzyme have on subcutaneous drug absorption?
Which route of administration is primarily used for spinal anesthesia?
Which route of administration is primarily used for spinal anesthesia?
What is a key characteristic of subcutaneous drug administration?
What is a key characteristic of subcutaneous drug administration?
What potential complication can arise from intradermal injections?
What potential complication can arise from intradermal injections?
Which route of administration is specifically mentioned for treating osteoarthritis?
Which route of administration is specifically mentioned for treating osteoarthritis?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Official Drugs
- Pharmacopeia: An official book that lists widely used drugs.
- Pharmacopeia includes:
- Selected list of drugs
- Physical and chemical properties of drugs
- Tests for identity, purity, potency, and medicinal preparations
- Lists of added (due to availability of more suitable substances) and deleted drugs (due to toxicity or other factors)
Routes of Drug Administration
- Oral: The most common route, which involves swallowing the drug.
- Oral Advantages:
- Easy and convenient
- Oral Disadvantages:
- Drug destruction by gastric juice
- Diarrhea
- Difficulty swallowing
- Irritant drugs can be irritating
- Intravenous (IV): Involves injecting the drug directly into a vein.
- IV Advantages:
- Rapid action
- IV Disadvantages:
- Potential for transmission of viruses such as Hepatitis C and AIDS
- Leakage of drugs outside the vein can lead to severe irritation
- Intraperitoneal: Involves injecting the drug into the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen.
- Intraperitoneal Advantages:
- Useful for laboratory animals (rats and mice) when intravenous injection is difficult.
- Very rapid absorption due to the large surface area of the peritoneum.
- Intramuscular (IM): Involves injecting the drug into a muscle.
- IM Advantages:
- Uniform drug absorption and rapid action
- IM Disadvantages:
- Can be painful
- May cause abscesses
- Volume of drug should not exceed 10 ml in large animals
- Subcutaneous: Involves injecting the drug under the skin.
- Subcutaneous Advantages:
- Slow absorption, leading to prolonged action.
- Subcutaneous Disadvantages:
- Only for non-irritant drugs
- Subcutaneous Absorption can be:
- Enhanced by adding hyaluronidase enzyme
- Slowed by adding adrenaline or local anesthetic procaine
- Intradermal: Involves injecting small doses of the drug between layers of skin.
- Intradermal Uses
- Vaccination
- Sensitivity tests
- Intra-articular: Involves injecting the drug into a joint.
- Intra-articular Uses:
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatic arthritis
- Intracardiac: Involves injecting the drug directly into the heart.
- Intracardiac Use:
- Cardiac resuscitation in emergencies
- Intraspinal: Involves injecting the drug into the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord.
- Intraspinal Use:
- Spinal anesthesia, typically in the lumbar region of the spinal cord.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.