Pharmacology Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is defined as an official drug?

A drug available in pharmacies without prescription

A drug listed in one of the official books (correct)

A drug with any form of government approval

A drug that is widely advertised in medical journals

What type of information is NOT typically included in a pharmacopeia?

Physical and chemical properties of drugs

Medicinal preparations of the drugs

Clinical trial results of the drugs (correct)

Tests for identity, purity, and potency

Why might a drug be deleted from the pharmacopeia?

Due to its high advertising costs

Because of insufficient popularity among physicians

Because it became obsolete in medical practice

Due to its toxic effects (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for including a drug in the pharmacopeia?

Stable pricing for consumers Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the purposes of a pharmacopeia?

To ensure standardization in drug preparation and testing Signup and view all the answers

What could be a consequence of using more expensive drugs?

Diarrhea and inability to swallow Signup and view all the answers

Why might some drugs be designed to avoid gastric juice destruction?

To maintain efficacy during digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential issue with irritant drugs?

They can cause discomfort or harm Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is commonly associated with more expensive drugs?

Rapid action Signup and view all the answers

What inconvenience might arise from using certain drugs?

Difficult administration methods Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of drug leakage outside of a vein during injection?

Severe irritation Signup and view all the answers

Why is intraperitoneal injection particularly useful for certain lab animals?

It allows for easier administration when intravenous injection is difficult Signup and view all the answers

Which type of virus is associated with transmission through bodily fluids, similar to AIDS?

Hepatitis C Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method of drug administration when intravenous injection is challenging in lab animals?

Intraperitoneal injection Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk associated with the transmission of Hepatitis C?

It can lead to chronic liver disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of intramuscular drug absorption?

It results in mild irritation at the site of injection. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the rapid absorption of intramuscular injections?

High surface area available for absorption. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum volume of drug recommended for intramuscular injection in large animals?

10 ml Signup and view all the answers

What types of drug formulations can be administered through deep intramuscular injections?

Colloids and suspensions Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of intramuscular injections?

They may cause mild irritants at the injection site. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does adding hyaluronidase enzyme have on subcutaneous drug absorption?

It enhances absorption. Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration is primarily used for spinal anesthesia?

Intraspinal Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of subcutaneous drug administration?

It typically involves aqueous solutions. Signup and view all the answers

What potential complication can arise from intradermal injections?

Developing abscesses. Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration is specifically mentioned for treating osteoarthritis?

Intra-articular Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Official Drugs

Pharmacopeia: An official book that lists widely used drugs.
Pharmacopeia includes:
- Selected list of drugs
- Physical and chemical properties of drugs
- Tests for identity, purity, potency, and medicinal preparations
- Lists of added (due to availability of more suitable substances) and deleted drugs (due to toxicity or other factors)

Routes of Drug Administration

Oral: The most common route, which involves swallowing the drug.
Oral Advantages:
- Easy and convenient
Oral Disadvantages:
- Drug destruction by gastric juice
- Diarrhea
- Difficulty swallowing
- Irritant drugs can be irritating
Intravenous (IV): Involves injecting the drug directly into a vein.
IV Advantages:
- Rapid action
IV Disadvantages:
- Potential for transmission of viruses such as Hepatitis C and AIDS
- Leakage of drugs outside the vein can lead to severe irritation
Intraperitoneal: Involves injecting the drug into the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen.
Intraperitoneal Advantages:
- Useful for laboratory animals (rats and mice) when intravenous injection is difficult.
- Very rapid absorption due to the large surface area of the peritoneum.
Intramuscular (IM): Involves injecting the drug into a muscle.
IM Advantages:
- Uniform drug absorption and rapid action
IM Disadvantages:
- Can be painful
- May cause abscesses
- Volume of drug should not exceed 10 ml in large animals
Subcutaneous: Involves injecting the drug under the skin.
Subcutaneous Advantages:
- Slow absorption, leading to prolonged action.
Subcutaneous Disadvantages:
- Only for non-irritant drugs
Subcutaneous Absorption can be:
- Enhanced by adding hyaluronidase enzyme
- Slowed by adding adrenaline or local anesthetic procaine
Intradermal: Involves injecting small doses of the drug between layers of skin.
Intradermal Uses
- Vaccination
- Sensitivity tests
Intra-articular: Involves injecting the drug into a joint.
Intra-articular Uses:
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatic arthritis
Intracardiac: Involves injecting the drug directly into the heart.
Intracardiac Use:
- Cardiac resuscitation in emergencies
Intraspinal: Involves injecting the drug into the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord.
Intraspinal Use:
- Spinal anesthesia, typically in the lumbar region of the spinal cord.

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Description

This quiz covers essential topics in pharmacology, including the official pharmacopeia and routes of drug administration. You'll explore the advantages and disadvantages of various drug administration methods such as oral and intravenous. Test your knowledge on drug properties and safety considerations.