19 Questions
What is the phenomenon known as 'first-pass metabolism'?
A process where a drug is administered orally, extensively metabolized in the liver, and has reduced bioavailability.
Which route of drug administration bypasses both gastric and hepatic metabolism?
Intravenous (IV)
Why is rectal administration considered suitable for patients who may be vomiting or unconscious?
Stable environment with no enzymatic metabolism
Which type of drug delivery offers an 'instantaneous response'?
Intramuscular (IM)
Which route of administration is known for requiring surfactants to enhance drug dissolution?
Intravenous (IV)
What characterizes drugs administered via the buccal route?
Bypassing gastrointestinal metabolism
Why is intramuscular (IM) administration often preferred for anticancer drugs?
Fast absorption compared to other routes
What is the primary energy source for symporters in secondary active transport?
Electrochemical gradient
Which type of drug absorption involves the engulfment of macromolecules to form vesicles?
Pinocytosis
In pharmacokinetics, what factor influences the rate of reversible interaction between a drug and its carrier?
Rate of reversible interaction
Which region of the gastrointestinal tract is known for being acidic and impacting drug absorption?
Stomach
Which physicochemical property of drugs determines their absorption and excretion rates?
Log P octanol/water
What is the main purpose of enteric-coating in oral drugs?
Protect the active ingredient in the stomach
What is the main reason why polar (toxic) materials cannot enter cell membranes easily?
Tight junctions
Which type of molecules can easily permeate lipid membranes due to their size and solubility characteristics?
Lipid-soluble and unionized molecules
In pharmacokinetics, what is the term used to describe the quantitative measure of a substance's ability to dissolve in lipids?
Log P value
What is the main factor that determines how well a substance can mix with oily phases in lipid diffusion?
Degree of ionization
Which barrier allows for the passage of lipid-soluble and unionized drugs while preventing water-soluble substances?
Placenta barrier
What type of transport mechanism ensures an easier passage for non-ionized drugs across membranes?
Lipid diffusion
Learn about the process drugs go through in the body - from liberation to excretion, and the different routes of drug administration including local (topical, nasal, oral) and systemic (enteral, parenteral). Explore examples like bronchial dilators and clotrimazole troches.
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