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Questions and Answers
What is the study of pharmacodynamics primarily concerned with?
What is the study of pharmacodynamics primarily concerned with?
What does Category D represent in the safety classification during pregnancy?
What does Category D represent in the safety classification during pregnancy?
Which system is a legal standard of measurement in pharmacology?
Which system is a legal standard of measurement in pharmacology?
What is a primary adverse effect of a drug?
What is a primary adverse effect of a drug?
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What is the primary aim of pharmacotherapeutics?
What is the primary aim of pharmacotherapeutics?
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In drug administration, which method of delivery ensures 100% absorption?
In drug administration, which method of delivery ensures 100% absorption?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the 'MS Rights' of medication?
Which of the following is NOT one of the 'MS Rights' of medication?
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Which of the following represents a source of drugs derived from natural sources?
Which of the following represents a source of drugs derived from natural sources?
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Study Notes
Overview of Pharmacology
- Pharmacology is the study of drugs, their effects, and the biological impacts of chemical substances.
- It involves the preparation, usage, and effects of drugs.
Branches of Pharmacology
- Pharmacotherapeutics: Focuses on using drugs to treat, prevent, or diagnose diseases.
- Pharmacokinetics: Studies how drugs move within the body.
- Pharmacodynamics: Examines the responses of the body to drugs.
- Toxicokinetics & Toxicodynamics: Explore the movement and effects of toxic substances.
Drug Characteristics
- Drug: A chemical substance used for treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of diseases.
- Excretion routes: Includes gastrointestinal, skin, and respiratory tracts.
Forms of Drugs
- Oral: Taken through the digestive system.
- Inhalation: Administered via the respiratory system.
- Topical: Absorbed through the skin.
- Parenteral: Encompasses injectable forms with 100% absorption.
Biotransformation & Half Life
- Biotransformation: Process of how drugs are metabolized in the body.
- Half-life: The time it takes for the drug concentration to reduce by half, which varies based on dosage (mg).
Pregnancy and Drug Safety
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Drug Categories:
- Category A: No risk to the fetus.
- Category B: Minimal risk or no studies conducted.
- Category C: Risks identified.
- Category D: Well-documented risks.
- Category X: Contraindicated in pregnancy.
Desired Drug Properties
- Ideal drugs should be reversible, predictable, inexpensive, simple, and devoid of adverse effects or interactions.
Patient Safety Protocols
- Ensure patient identity and effective communication.
- Implement fall prevention strategies.
- Utilize high-alert medications (HAMS) and minimize look-alike/sound-alike medications (LASA).
Goals of Pharmacology
- Harness natural sources (plants, animals, inorganic) and synthetic sources for drug development.
- Aim for drug safety, effectiveness, and selectivity.
Drug Evaluation Process
- Preclinical Trials: Attack efficacy and safety through testing on animals prior to human trials.
Rights of Medication Administration
- Rights include ensuring the correct patient, dose, route, medication, and timing.
Adverse Effects of Drugs
- Primary Effects: The intended therapeutic outcomes.
- Secondary Effects: A variety of unintended effects.
- Hypersensitivity: Exaggerated responses to the drug.
Regulatory Framework
- Republic Act 2382: Authorizes only physicians to prescribe medications.
- Republic Act 5921 (Pharmacy Law): Permits only registered pharmacists to dispense and sell medications.
Measurement Systems
- Metric System: Legal standard of measurement for drug dosages.
- Apothecary System: A historical system based on weights for measuring medications.
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Description
Test your knowledge on pharmacology, including the study of drugs, their effects, and the biological interactions involved. Explore key concepts such as pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics as you prepare for your studies in this essential field of life sciences.
