Pharmacology of Reproductive Tract Infections and STDs

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What is the most common way neonatal infections are acquired?

Through breast milk

During passage through an infected cervix or vagina (correct)

Through airborne transmission

Through contact with an infected healthcare worker

Which of the following STDs can be transmitted transplacentally?

Gonorrhea

HIV/AIDS

Syphilis (correct)

Chlamydia

What is a common complication of STDs in pregnant women?

Increased risk of cancer

Transmission to the fetus

Maternal and infant health problems

All of the above (correct)

What is the type of organism that causes Bacterial Vaginosis?

Anaerobic bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following STDs is associated with an increased risk of cancer?

HPV Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the infection that occurs when an infant is infected with syphilis during pregnancy?

Congenital syphilis Signup and view all the answers

Which gender has a higher incidence of STDs?

Men Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the infection that occurs when the reproductive organs are damaged?

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Bacterial Vaginosis?

An imbalance of naturally occurring bacteria in the vagina Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis in pregnant women?

Metronidazole in all symptomatic pregnant women Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Metronidazole?

Disrupting DNA by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnancy?

Azithromycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Gonorrhea?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis in neonates and infants?

Erythromycin and Azithromycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of Clindamycin on bacterial infections?

Suppressing protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of preventing ophthalmic gonococcal infections in neonates?

Instillation of erythromycin ophthalmic ointment into the newborn's eyes Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended regimen for treating antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae?

Ceftriaxone + Azithromycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of gonococcal infection in men?

Urethral discharge and testicular pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Sexually transmitted organisms, especially N. gonorrhoeae Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative regimen for treating antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae if Ceftriaxone is not available?

Cefixime + Azithromycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of monotherapy with high-dose azithromycin?

Increased risk of resistance Signup and view all the answers

Why is dual therapy recommended for treating antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae?

To reduce the risk of resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic of antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae?

Resistance to multiple antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of empiric treatment in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

To provide broad-spectrum coverage Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium is known to cause tubal and epithelial destruction?

Bacteroides fragilis Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment approach for sex partners of individuals with PID?

Screening only for chlamydia and gonorrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of cephalosporins?

Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for Hepatitis A?

Fecal-oral contact or contamination Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of genital herpes?

HSV-2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of treatment on genital herpes?

Reduces symptoms and decreases transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of antiviral medication for genital herpes?

Nausea and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cervical cancers are caused by HPV 16 and 18?

66% Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the bivalent and quadravalent HPV vaccines?

One covers more HPV types than the other Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of untreated congenital syphilis or tertiary syphilis?

Saddle nose deformity Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of syphilis characterized by a skin rash and mucocutaneous lesions?

Secondary Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the HPV vaccine?

To prevent cervical cancer Signup and view all the answers