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Questions and Answers
What is a key mechanism through which Metformin improves glucose metabolism?
What is a key mechanism through which Metformin improves glucose metabolism?
- Stimulates increased insulin production from the pancreas
- Enhances gluconeogenesis in the liver
- Reduces hepatic glucose production and increases glucose uptake by muscles (correct)
- Inhibits glucose uptake in the intestines
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for using Metformin?
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for using Metformin?
- Hepatic disease
- Renal disease
- Cardiac disease
- Type 1 diabetes (correct)
What is the most serious but rare adverse effect associated with Metformin?
What is the most serious but rare adverse effect associated with Metformin?
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Lactic acidosis (correct)
- Severe allergic reaction
- Hypoglycemia
Why should Metformin be withdrawn before the use of iodine-containing X-ray contrast media?
Why should Metformin be withdrawn before the use of iodine-containing X-ray contrast media?
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What is the recommended dosing frequency for immediate-release Metformin?
What is the recommended dosing frequency for immediate-release Metformin?
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Study Notes
Mechanism of Action
- Reduces hepatic glucose production through inhibition of gluconeogenesis.
- Increases glucose uptake and oxidation in skeletal muscle via activation of AMP kinase.
- Decreases insulin resistance, enhancing the overall efficacy of insulin.
Pharmacokinetics
- Administered orally, typically 2-3 times daily.
- Sustained-release formulations are available for improved dosing convenience.
Adverse Effects
- Commonly causes gastrointestinal disturbances.
- Lactic acidosis is a serious but rare adverse event; vigilance is necessary.
- Contraindicated in patients with renal, hepatic, hypoxic respiratory, or cardiac diseases.
- Should be withheld prior to iodine-containing X-ray contrast media procedures to prevent complications.
Clinical Use
- First-line treatment for overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes.
- Compatible with all other antidiabetic medications, including insulin, enhancing treatment flexibility.
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