Pharmacology of Cholinergic Drugs
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT an indication for direct-acting cholinergic drugs?

  • Treatment of severe depression (correct)
  • Treat excessive dry mouth
  • Increase gastrointestinal motility
  • Reduce intraocular pressure

    • Cholinergic drugs can be used to reverse neuromuscular blocking drugs.

    True (A)

    What condition is treated using indirect-acting anticholinesterase drugs?

    Mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease

    Cholinergic drugs are contraindicated in patients with __________ disease.

    <p>Parkinson’s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following adverse effects with their corresponding systems:

    <p>Bradycardia = Cardiovascular Increased secretions = Gastrointestinal Dizziness = Central nervous system Bronchospasms = Respiratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is NOT classified as a cholinergic drug?

    <p>Memantine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neostigmine can reverse the effects of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Ginkgo as a herbal product?

    <p>Prevent memory loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Memantine is an ___ receptor antagonist.

    <p>NMDA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential severe adverse effect should be of most concern when a patient on NSAIDs takes Ginkgo?

    <p>Bleeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholinergic medications can cure Alzheimer’s disease.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with Myasthenia Gravis should take their medication ___ minutes before eating.

    <p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cholinergic drugs with their corresponding uses:

    <p>Neostigmine = Reverse neuromuscular blocking Physostigmine = Antidote for anticholinergic agents Piridostigmine = Manage Myasthenia Gravis symptoms Memantine = Treatment of Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does atropine have on heart rate at large doses?

    <p>Increases heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholinergic-blocking drugs can lead to increased bronchial secretions.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of cholinergic-blocking drugs?

    <p>They compete with acetylcholine for binding at muscarinic receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After administering bethanechol, urination should occur within ______ minutes.

    <p>60</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of cholinergic-blocking drugs in large doses?

    <p>Drowsiness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cholinergic-blocking drugs to their respective uses:

    <p>Atropine = Decreases salivation Oxybutynin = Treats overactive bladder Dicyclomine = Relieves bowel spasms Scopolamine = Prevents motion sickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alzheimer's Disease symptoms do not improve with cholinergic medications.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one drug that is classified as a cholinergic-blocking agent.

    <p>Atropine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the intended effects of glycopyrrolate when administered before surgery?

    <p>Control secretions during surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholinergic-blocking drugs increase intestinal motility.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cholinergic-blocking drugs on the urinary tract?

    <p>They relax the detrusor muscle and increase constriction of the internal sphincter, potentially leading to urinary retention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholinergic-blocking drugs relax smooth muscle tone of the gastrointestinal tract, which results in decreased __________ and __________.

    <p>intestinal secretions, gastric secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common adverse effect of cholinergic-blocking drugs on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Increased heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is safe to administer cholinergic-blocking drugs to a patient with acute asthma.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following adverse effects of cholinergic-blocking drugs with their respective systems:

    <p>Cardiovascular = Increased heart rate CNS = Delirium Eye = Dilated pupils and blurred vision GU = Urinary retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before administering tolterodine (Detrol), which condition should be assessed?

    <p>Angle-closure glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of adrenergic blockers?

    <p>Inhibit or block stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adrenergic blockers are also known as sympatholytics.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of alpha blockers on blood vessels?

    <p>Dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alpha blockers can be used to treat ______, as they reduce peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure.

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following adrenergic blocker classifications with their corresponding receptor targets:

    <p>Alpha blockers = Alpha1 and alpha2 receptors Beta blockers = Beta1 and beta2 receptors Alpha-beta blockers = Both alpha and beta receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of administering two adrenergic drugs together?

    <p>Hypotension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Overuse of nasal decongestants can cause rebound nasal congestion.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two potential cardiovascular effects that can occur when administering two adrenergic drugs together?

    <p>Tachycardia and hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect associated with alpha blockers?

    <p>Hypotension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Beta blockers only block Beta1 receptors.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one condition in which alpha blockers are indicated.

    <p>Pheochromocytoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alpha blockers can be used to prevent __________ in certain conditions like Raynaud’s disease.

    <p>vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the drug with its primary use:

    <p>Phentolamine = Treatment of hypertension Tamsulosin = Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Propranolol = Migraine prophylaxis Atenolol = Hypertension management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse effects is commonly associated with Tamsulosin?

    <p>Headache (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do beta blockers have on the smooth muscles of the bronchioles?

    <p>Contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Adrenergics & Cholinergics

    • Adrenergics and Cholinergics are classes of drugs that act on the autonomic nervous system.
    • The autonomic nervous system is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.
    • The sympathetic branch (adrenergic) is responsible for preparing the body for "fight or flight" responses.
    • The parasympathetic branch (cholinergic) is responsible for maintaining or restoring homeostasis.
    • Alpha and beta receptors are involved in the action of adrenergic drugs.
    • Dopaminergic receptors respond specifically to dopamine.
    • Cholinergic receptors are divided into nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.
    • Adrenergic and cholinergic receptors are located throughout the body, impacting various organ systems.

    Nervous System Overview

    • The nervous system is composed of the central and peripheral systems.
    • The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.
    • The peripheral nervous system includes the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
    • The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions.
    • Within the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
    • The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response.
    • The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "rest and digest" response.
    • Specific neurotransmitters (e.g., norepinephrine, acetylcholine) have specific functions.

    Autonomic Nervous System

    • The autonomic nervous system is made up of two branches, sympathetic and parasympathetic.
    • The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) prepares the body for action (fight or flight).
    • The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) calms the body and conserves energy (rest or digest).
    • There are specific interactions between the two branches.

    Drug Classes

    • Drug classes can be categorized based on their primary target in the nervous system.
    • Adrenergic drugs stimulate the sympathetic nervous system.
    • Cholinergic drugs stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system.

    Cholinergic Receptors

    • Muscarinic receptors are located postsynaptically in the organs of the parasympathetic nervous system.
    • Nicotinic receptors are located within the ganglia of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

    Cholinergic Drug Effects

    • Drug effects depend on stimulation of different receptors.
    • Cholinergic drugs cause increased gastrointestinal motility, urinary frequency, and constrict pupils.

    Adrenergic Drug Effects

    • Drug effects depend on the receptor type stimulated.
    • Alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation results in vasoconstriction, contraction of bladder sphincter, and ejaculation.
    • Beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation results in a variety of effects including changes to heart rate and cardiac output.

    Specific Medications

    (Note: Detailed information on specific drugs, such as indications, contraindications, adverse effects, and dosages is not given here due to the nature of this task)

    Indications and Contraindications

    • Specific indications and contraindications are presented for each respective drug class.
    • The risk of adverse side effects are considered in any drug protocol.
    • Drug interactions are noted.

    Assessment and Monitoring

    • Key factors to assess in patients taking these drugs.
    • Monitoring is indicated to identify adverse effects.

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    Adrenergics & Cholinergics - Students PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on cholinergic drugs and their applications in pharmacology. This quiz covers indications, contraindications, and the effects of both direct- and indirect-acting cholinergic medications. Additionally, explore their uses in conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and Myasthenia Gravis.

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