Pharmacology of Asthma and Cancer Treatments

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Questions and Answers

A patient is experiencing an acute asthma attack. Which of the following medication is the first-line therapy for relief of an acute asthma attack?

cromolyn

fluticasone

ipratropium

salbutamol (correct)

During a severe acute asthma attack, which of the following procedures is the first step?

To protect the airways from inflammatory responses to allergens and to irritant stimuli

To provide a bronchodilator effect to relieve airway obstruction (correct)

To resolve the inflammatory process in the airways

all of the above

A 52-year-old woman with asthma begins therapy with an antihypertensive drug. Two weeks later, she has marked worsening of dyspnea and clearly wheezing. Which of the following will have caused such adverse effects?

Terbutaline

Propranolol (correct)

Aspirin

Chlorphenamine

The mechanism of action of montelukast (Singulair) in the treatment of asthma is

to inhibit leukotriene C4 and D4 receptors Signup and view all the answers

Vinblastine is a member of which family of chemotherapy drugs?

Mitotic inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Tamoxifen is used to treat which type of breast cancer?

ER positive Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is a calcineurin inhibitor?

Tacrolimus Signup and view all the answers

Leucovorin is administered to rescue normal cells from the adverse effects of

methotrexate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following causes irreversible, dose-dependent cardiotoxicity?

Doxorubicin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs acts mainly in the M phase of the tumor cell cycle?

Vinblastine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following helps to reduce the toxicity of doxorubicin?

Dexrazoxane Signup and view all the answers

Methotrexate inhibits

dihydrofolate reductase Signup and view all the answers

Muromonab-CD3 blocks the activation of

T-cell receptor complex Signup and view all the answers

Chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer follow the principle of first-order kinetics. After one course of treatment, the remaining cancer mass would contain

a constant proportion of cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

The first-line therapy for treating estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer is

tamoxifen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has high emetogenic potential?

Cisplatin Signup and view all the answers

Vinca alkaloids exert antitumor activity by

inhibiting the polymerization of tubulins. Signup and view all the answers

Etoposide acts as an inhibitor for

Topoisomerase-II Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can cause hemorrhagic cystitis

Cyclophosphamide Signup and view all the answers

Due to the structural similarity with endogenous compounds, antimetabolites elicit cytotoxicity in cancer cells by blocking

nucleotide synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Cyclophosphamide is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent and a pro-drug. After being enzymatically metbolized, the active compound reacts with

the guanine base of DNA Signup and view all the answers

The major toxicity of cisplatin is dose-related

nephrotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is primarily used for the treatment of brain tumors?

Nitrosoureas Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the major limitation to the use of most immunosuppressant drugs?

Myelosuppression Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs for skin disease is based on its immunosuppressive effect?

Corticosteroids Signup and view all the answers

Cyclosporine inhibits

cytokine production Signup and view all the answers

The initial binding to T-cells by muromonab-CD3 can cause

cytokine release syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following toxicity is resulted from over-dose of paracetamol?

Liver damage Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following non-steroidal analgesics has limited anti-inflammatory effect?

paracetamol Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is commonly linked to selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors?

Gastric ulcer Signup and view all the answers

Which analgesic agent functions mainly by inhibiting the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme?

Aspirin Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible adverse effect of chronic aspirin administration?

Gastric ulcer Signup and view all the answers

Which of these agents is least likely to inhibit the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme?

Fentanyl Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors is true?

They do not affect thromboxane production. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medication for Acute Asthma Attack

Salbutamol is the first-line therapy for acute asthma attacks.

Severe Acute Asthma Attack Procedure

The first step in a severe acute asthma attack is to provide bronchodilator effect to relieve airway obstruction.

Asthma Medication Side Effects

Propranolol can cause worsening dyspnea and wheezing in asthma patients.

Mechanism of Montelukast (Singulair)

Montelukast inhibits leukotriene C4 and D4 receptors.

Chemotherapy Drug Families

Vinblastine is a mitotic inhibitor.

Breast Cancer Treatment

Tamoxifen is used to treat ER-positive breast cancer.

Calcineurin Inhibitors

Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor.

Leucovorin Rescue

Leucovorin is used to rescue normal cells from the adverse effects of methotrexate.

Cardiotoxicity

Doxorubicin causes irreversible, dose-dependent cardiotoxicity.

Tumor Cell Cycle Phase

Vinblastine acts mainly in the M phase of the tumor cell cycle.

Doxorubicin Toxicity Reduction

Dexrazoxane helps reduce doxorubicin toxicity.

Methotrexate Inhibition

Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolate reductase.

Muromonab-CD3 Action

Muromonab-CD3 blocks the activation of T-cell receptor complex.

Cancer Treatment Kinetics

Chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer follow first-order kinetics. After one course, the remaining cancer mass contains a constant proportion of cancer cells.

Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer

Cisplatin is the first-line therapy in ER-positive breast cancer.

Emetogenic Potential

Cisplatin has a high emetogenic potential.

Vinca Alkaloids Action

Vinca alkaloids exert antitumor activity by inhibiting the polymerization of tubulins.

Etoposide Inhibition

Etoposide inhibits topoisomerase-II.

Hemorrhagic Cystitis

Cyclophosphamide can cause hemorrhagic cystitis.

Antimetabolites Action

Antimetabolites elicit cytotoxicity by blocking nucleotide synthesis.

Cyclophosphamide Mechanism

Cyclophosphamide, after enzymatic metabolism, reacts with the guanine base of DNA.

Cisplatin Toxicity

The major toxicity of cisplatin is dose-related nephrotoxicity.

Brain Tumor Treatment

Nitrosoureas are used in the treatment of brain tumors.

Immunosuppressant Drug Limitation

Infections are a major limitation of most immunosuppressant drugs.

Skin Disease Drug

Corticosteroids are used for skin diseases due to their immunosuppressive effects.

Cyclosporine Inhibition

Cyclosporine inhibits cytokine production.

Muromonab-CD3 Systemic Effects

Muromonab-CD3 can cause systemic anaphylaxis upon binding to T-cells.

Paracetamol Overdose Toxicity

Liver damage is a result of paracetamol overdose.

Non-Steroidal Analgesic with Limited Anti-inflammatory Effect

Paracetamol has limited anti-inflammatory effect among non-steroidal analgesics.

Anti-inflammatory Steroid Adverse Effects

Chronic oral administration of anti-inflammatory steroids can cause osteoporosis.

Corticosteroid for Inflammation Treatment

Oral administration of dexamethasone is not recommended for chronic inflammation due to long-lasting systemic adverse effects.

Hydrocortisone Side Effect

Hydrocortisone causes hyperglycemia.

Cocaine Pharmacological Action

Cocaine acts as a direct agonist at dopaminergic D2 receptors.

Serotonin Antagonist-Reuptake Inhibitor Action

Serotonin antagonist-reuptake inhibitors block serotonin-1A receptors on the post-synapse.

Tyramine Diet

Anyone taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors should follow a low-tyramine diet.

Depression Treatment

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are suitable for treating depression.

Antipsychotic Receptor Affinity

Typical antipsychotics have high affinity for dopamine D2 receptors.

Atypical Antipsychotic Affinity

Atypical antipsychotics like aripiprazole have a strong affinity for a2 adrenergic receptors.

Epilepsy Seizure Control

Ethosuximide controls epilepsy seizures.

Sodium Channel Blocker for Epilepsy

Phenytoin blocks sodium channels to treat epilepsy.

Epilepsy Treatment

Topiramate inhibits glutamate release to treat epilepsy.

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

Sugammadex reverses neuromuscular blocking effects of atracurium, cis-atracurium, rocuronium, and succinylcholine.

Local Anesthetic Use

Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic used for pain relief prior to intravenous cannula insertion.

Local Anaesthesia

Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics is a type of local anesthetic.

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Description

This quiz covers key medications used for acute asthma attacks and chemotherapy. Explore the mechanisms and side effects of drugs like Salbutamol, Doxorubicin, and Tamoxifen. Test your knowledge on critical drug interactions and patient management strategies.